BACKGROUND Excessive thyroid hormone replacement carries the potential for serious long-term metabolic complications (e.g., accelerated osteoporosis). The increased bioavailability of commercially available products, along with improved laboratory assays for measuring thyrotropin (TSH), has led to an increased chance of actual or detected iatrogenic hyperthyroxinemia. The purpose of this study ...

Estrogens have been convincingly shown to be highly effective in preventing and reversing menopause-related conditions, such as hot flushes, urogenital complaints, and postmenopausal bone loss. Observational studies report that long-term, estrogen-containing, postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) leads to a substantial reduction in hip fractures, myocardial infarction, and possibly c...

This review is concerned with the psychosocial functioning and the quality of life in patients with pituitary insufficiency who are receiving conventional hormone replacement therapy. The possible negative effects of pituitary surgery, treatment with irradiation, and suboptimal replacement regimens with hormones other than growth hormone on mood, behaviour and cognitive functioning are discusse...

In the historical period it was commonly held that estrogen had two principal benefits to postmenopausal women: 1) To alleviate the constitutional symptoms related to the climacteric such as vasomotor symptoms (hot flushes), night sweats, somnolence, and vaginal dryness; and, 2.) To work in concert with weight-bearing exercise and diet replete with calcium to decrease or minimize their role in ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The role of female hormones in estrogen-dependent cancers has been debated for years. This is particularly true of breast cancer. Retrospective, case, and cohort control studies usually have suggested no influence. The Women's Health Initiative study in 2002, a prospective double-blind study, noted an increased risk of breast cancer if estrogen plus progesterone was given. In ...

Ever since menopause was causally linked to several symptoms and disease processes, the concept of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) took root and was widely practiced over half a century. We have witnessed the rise and fall of the HRT during these years. While the life expectancy has improved enormously, the average age of menopause has not changed, and hence a vast majority of women spend one...