The derivation of the nilpotent (anti-)BRST symmetries for the matter fields, present in any arbitrary interacting gauge theory, has been an outstanding problem in the framework of superfield approach to BRST formalism. These nilpotent (anti-)BRST symmetries for the Dirac fields are derived in the superfield formulation for the interacting Abelian gauge theory in four (3 + 1)-dimensions (4D) of...

The derivation of the exact and unique nilpotent Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST)and anti-BRST symmetries for the matter fields, present in any arbitrary interacting gauge theory, has been a long-standing problem in the framework of superfield approach to BRST formalism. These nilpotent symmetry transformations are deduced for the four (3 + 1)-dimensional (4D) complex scalar fields, coupled to ...

The derivation of the exact and unique nilpotent Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST)and anti-BRST symmetries for the matter fields, present in any arbitrary interacting gauge theory, has been a long-standing problem in the framework of superfield approach to BRST formalism. These nilpotent symmetry transformations are deduced for the four (3 + 1)-dimensional (4D) complex scalar fields, coupled to ...

Mutual aid groups have been a critical part of the coronavirus disease-2019 (Covid-19) response and continue to address needs people in their communities. To understand how mutual similar community support can be sustained over time, we test idea that using group-based strategies initiates psychological trajectories shape future participation. We conducted preregistered longitudinal survey amon...

We derive the off-shell nilpotent (anti-) BRST symmetry transformations for the interacting U(1) gauge theory of quantum electrodynamics (QED) in the framework of augmented superfield approach to BRST formalism. In addition to the horizontality condition, we invoke another gauge invariant condition on the six (4, 2)-dimensional supermanifold to obtain the exact and unique nilpotent symmetry tra...

The derivation of the exact and unique nilpotent Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST)and anti-BRST symmetries for the matter fields, present in any arbitrary interacting gauge theory, has been a long-standing problem in the framework of superfield approach to BRST formalism. These nilpotent symmetry transformations are deduced for the four (3 + 1)-dimensional (4D) complex scalar fields, coupled to ...

This paper argues that the largely unrealized potential of agricultural science and technology (S&T) in promoting growth and poverty reduction in developing countries results from deeply rooted incompatibility among policy environments, institutional arrangements, and micro conditions and behavior in agricultural research and development (R&D). Achieving growth and poverty reduction based on gr...

We derive together the exact local, covariant, continuous and off-shell nilpotent Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) and anti-BRST symmetry transformations for the U(1) gauge field (Aμ), the (anti-)ghost fields ((C̄)C) and the Dirac fields (ψ, ψ̄) of the Lagrangian density of a four (3+1)-dimensional QED by exploiting a single restriction on the six (4+2)dimensional supermanifold. A set of four eve...

The BRST transformations for the Yang-Mills gauge fields in the presence of gravity described by Ashtekar variables are obtained by using the so-called Maurer-Cartan horizontality conditions. The BRST cohomology group expressed by the Wess-Zumino consistency condition is solved with the help of an operator δ introduced by S.P. Sorella which in our case has a very simple form and generates, toge...