Hexagrid structural system is an innovated system with structural behavior which is similar to a tubular system. In this paper, a numerical study is conducted to estimate the seismic performance of horizontal hexagrid concerning the combined horizontal and vertical hexagrid, tubular and diagrid structural systems. First 30 and 50 story buildings are modeled using ETABS, then pushover and nonlin...

In theory, plasmids can only be maintained in a population when the rate of horizontal gene transfer is larger than the combined effect of segregational loss and the decrease of fitness associated with plasmid carriage. Recent advances in genome sequencing have shown, however, that a large fraction of plasmids do not carry the genes necessary for conjugation or mobilization. So, how are so-call...

Summary In this study, the seismic performance of hexagrid structures which are composed of horizontal and vertical hexagrid by using a transitional story, has been investigated. To this end, 10 models of 50-story hexagrid structures were designed. 9 models with horizontal hexagrid cells which transited to vertical cells using a transitional story, and a model of completely horizontal hexagrid ...

Horizontal gene transfer has been increasingly documented between eukaryotes, but a new study suggests a much larger role for horizontal gene transfer in physiological adaption through the transfer of photosynthetic pathway genes.

To some extent, the genetic theory of adaptive evolution in bacteria is a simple extension of that developed for sexually reproducing eukaryotes. In other, fundamental ways, the process of adaptive evolution in bacteria is quantitatively and qualitatively different from that of organisms for which recombination is an integral part of the reproduction process. In this speculative and opinionated...

L. Samal1; TA. Stavroudis2; RE. Miller3; HP. Lehmann4; CU. Lehmann5,* 1Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Brighman and Women's Hospital; 2Division of Newborn and Critical Care, Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles; 3Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 4Division of Health Sciences Informatics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 5Divi...

Hybrid evolution and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) are processes where evolutionary relationships may more accurately be described by a reticulated network than by a tree. In such a network, there will often be several paths between any two extant species, reflecting the possible pathways that genetic material may have been passed down from a common ancestor to these species. These paths will ...

Luminosity horizontal cells in the turtle retina respond approximately linearly to visual stimuli with contrast levels spanning a large part of the physiological range. We characterized the response properties of these cells under conditions of low photopic background illumination by measuring their spatial and temporal frequency transfer functions. Our experimental results indicate in two ways...