A comprehensive evaluation of seasonal backward trajectories initialized in the northern hemisphere lowermost stratosphere (LMS) has been performed to investigate the factors that determine the temporal and spatial structure of troposphere-to-stratosphere-transport (TST) and it’s impact on the LMS. In particular we explain the fundamental role of the transit time since last TST (tTST) for the c...

Model simulations and aircraft measurements of vertical, seasonal and latitudinal O3 and CO distributions over Europe H. Fischer, M. Lawrence, Ch. Gurk, P. Hoor, J. Lelieveld, M. I. Hegglin, D. Brunner, and C. Schiller Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Airchemistry Division, P.O. Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technolog...

Stratospheric dryness J. Lelieveld, C. Brühl, P. Jöckel, B. Steil, P. J. Crutzen, H. Fischer, M. A. Giorgetta, P. Hoor, M. G. Lawrence, M. Milz, R. Sausen, G. P. Stiller, and H. Tost Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, J.J. Becherweg 27, 55128 Mainz, Germany Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093-0221, USA Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Bundesstrasse 53, 20146 Hamb...

Sediment, soil and fish samples collected from the Songor Wetland were assessed for spatial distributions of metal (Al, Fe, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, As, Cd Hg) levels contamination loads, using pollution indices multivariate analysis. The processed through microwave digestions (Soil Sediment: [HNO3, HCl, HF, H2O2]; Fish: H2O2]), followed by analysis extracts ICP-MS. results displayed patchiness in s...

A wetland inventory and assessment was made as a basis for development of a national wetlands policy for Colombia (CMWP). Major wetlands were identified from a 1:1 500 000 scale national hydrological map. Of 57 major wetlands in 27 catchments or wetland complexes, wetlands in 16 of these were selected for assessment. Wetland type, ecological status and wetland value for each wetland was scored ...

Constructed wetlands used to mitigate pesticide runoff from agricultural fields into receiving systems (e.g., lakes, rivers, streams) have been successful in reducing concentrations of non-point source pollutants such as agricultural insecticides (Moore et al., 2002; Leistra et al., 2003; Bouldin et al., 2005). Such wetlands also have important functions in enhancing the water quality and ecolo...

Introduction Development of indicators of " ecosystem health " for Great Lakes coastal wetlands was recognized as a major need at the State-of-the-Lakes Ecosystem Conferences (SOLEC) held in Buffalo, New York in 1998 and Hamilton, Ontario in 2000. Indicators listed by the wetlands indicators task force at these conferences included indices of biotic integrity (IBI) based on macroinvertebrates, ...

Wetlands play important ecological, economic, and cultural roles in societies around the world. However, wetland degradation has become a serious ecological issue, raising the global sustainability concern. An accurate wetland map is essential for wetland management. Here we used a fuzzy method to create a hybrid wetland map for China through the combination of five existing wetlands datasets, ...

Long-term intensive land use/cover changes (LUCCs) of the Yellow River Delta (YRD) have been happening since the 1960s. The land use patterns of the LUCCs are crucial for bio-diversity conservation and/or sustainable development. This study quantified patterns of the LUCCs, explored the systematic transitions, and identified wetland change trajectory for the period 1976–2014 in the YRD. Landsat...

Wetland assessment tools are being developed and employed in wetland monitoring and conservation based on physical, chemical and biological characterization. In wetland biological assessment, various ecological functions have been described by biological traits of an entire species pool that adapts to different types of wetland environments. Since microorganisms play a key role in wetland bioge...