Background: Tobacco and hookah smoking is a worldwide problem among adolescents. The present study aimed to determine familial and social factors in predicting the tobacco and hookah smoking among high school students in Jahrom, South of Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted for assessing the factors affecting hookah and cigarette smoking among high school stude...

Background: At present smoking is considered a great health-related problem. Smoking cigarettes and use of tobacco are on the rise in the Middle East countries; therefore, the number of people exposed to passive cigarette smoke is increasing, too. The aim of the present study was to determine and compare salivary cotinine levels in hookah smokers, individuals exposed to passive cigarette smoke ...

Background: An increase in hookah smoking is considered to be a serious health problem in societies with different cigarette smoking patterns. Thus, determinants of increase in this behavior are needed to be identified. This study aimed to review the articles related to the causes of hookah smoking in the society.Methods: This study reviewed the scientific references of authentic databases and ...

Background: Smoking is a global problem that negatively affects human health and fertility the endocrine functions of male reproductive system. Objectives: The present study aims to investigate influence different types tobacco smoking (cigarette, hookah, electronic) on semen parameters sex hormones in males from Gaza Strip. Methods Materials: A total 206 samples were classified into 156 cases ...

Background:From a public health perspective, alcohol-related problems have enormous social and individual consequences. Objectives:The aim of the present study was to apply the TTM on the general population of Mashhad city to evaluate the change levels and possible relative factors regarding alcohol abuse. Methods:: In a cross-sectional design, a total number of 564 people from the General Popu...

BACKGROUND It is clear that tobacco smoking and substance abuse have negative consequences on adolescent and youth's health. Tobacco smoking especially hookah smoking has increased worldwide especially among university students. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of risk-taking behaviors such as cigarette smoking, hookah smoking, alcohol use, and drug abuse and its predictors in stude...

Abstract Background The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a multi-level intervention on hookah smoking frequency and duration among Iranian adolescents adults. Methods In this study, two comparable cities in Iran were selected participate an program based social-ecological model (SEM). each city, 133 smokers coffee houses selected. Environmental changes such as serving light foo...

background: hookah smoking has increased worldwide especially among youth and young adults and has been identified as an emerging threat to public health. the aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of hookah use and related factors in a sample of iranian college students. methods: this study took place in tabriz (northwest of iran) in april and may 2011. the randomly selected ...