Background: Smoking is a global problem that negatively affects human health and fertility the endocrine functions of male reproductive system. Objectives: The present study aims to investigate influence different types tobacco smoking (cigarette, hookah, electronic) on semen parameters sex hormones in males from Gaza Strip. Methods Materials: A total 206 samples were classified into 156 cases ...

Background:From a public health perspective, alcohol-related problems have enormous social and individual consequences. Objectives:The aim of the present study was to apply the TTM on the general population of Mashhad city to evaluate the change levels and possible relative factors regarding alcohol abuse. Methods:: In a cross-sectional design, a total number of 564 people from the General Popu...

BACKGROUND It is clear that tobacco smoking and substance abuse have negative consequences on adolescent and youth's health. Tobacco smoking especially hookah smoking has increased worldwide especially among university students. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of risk-taking behaviors such as cigarette smoking, hookah smoking, alcohol use, and drug abuse and its predictors in stude...

BACKGROUND Water pipe tobacco smoking is spreading globally and is increasingly becoming popular in the United States, particularly among young people. Although many perceive water pipe smoking to be relatively safe, clinical experimental studies indicate significant exposures to tobacco smoke carcinogens following water pipe use. We investigated biomarkers of nicotine intake and carcinogen exp...

Abstract Background The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a multi-level intervention on hookah smoking frequency and duration among Iranian adolescents adults. Methods In this study, two comparable cities in Iran were selected participate an program based social-ecological model (SEM). each city, 133 smokers coffee houses selected. Environmental changes such as serving light foo...

background: hookah smoking has increased worldwide especially among youth and young adults and has been identified as an emerging threat to public health. the aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of hookah use and related factors in a sample of iranian college students. methods: this study took place in tabriz (northwest of iran) in april and may 2011. the randomly selected ...

Objective Recently, use of alternative tobacco products, such as electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and hookah (water-pipe tobacco), has increased among adolescents. It is unknown whether attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms are associated with initiation of alternative tobacco product use. Methods Ninth grade high school students who never used any tobacco product at ba...

Objective. To determine the trends in structure and assess medical, social clinical aspects of consumption tobacco nicotine-containing products among adolescents aged 1417. Material methods. During study, 352 14 to 18 years studying urban (n = 202) rural 150) schools Yaroslavl region were surveyed 20202021. Statistical processing data was carried out using computer programs "Statistica" v.10.0....