Understanding and predicting the evolution of competing languages is a topic of high interest in a world with more than 6000 languages competing in a highly connected environment. We consider a reasonable mathematical model describing a situation of competition between two languages and analyse the effect of the speakers’ connectivity (i.e. social networks). Surprisingly, instead of homogenizin...

The broken efficiency of cell wall and the release amount of Pichia pastoris intracellular protein under different cell breaking conditions were investigated in this paper. The results showed that broken efficiency using hot alkali combined with high-pressure homogenizing method was higher than that of enzyme hydrolysis, hot alkali treatment and high-pressure homogenation, respectively. Suspend...

A new emulsion gelation method was used to prepare gel beads for a highly water-soluble drug metformin hydrochloride using sodium alginate as the polymer. The gel beads containing oil was prepared by gently mixing or homogenizing oil and water phase containing sodium alginate which was then extruded into calcium chloride solution to produce gel beads. The effects of factors like type of oil and...

The paper demonstrates the association between geometry and material behavior, specifically the elastic properties of resin impregnated latex membranes, by means of homogenizing protocols which translate physical properties into geometrical functions. Resin-impregnation patterns are applied to 2-D pre-stretched form-active tension systems to induce 3-D curvature upon release.This method enables...

A methodology for locating the optic disc (OD) in digital retinal images is presented in this paper. Input images are intensity images (I channel of the HSI color space), resized to have a retinal diameter of 300 pixels. A shade-correction method for homogenizing the background, as well as, a set of morphological opening and closing operations for enhancing bright structures, are applied to fin...

We describe an affine transformation on the (CIE) color matching functions and map the spectral locus as a circle. We then homogenize the right circular cylinder erected by the circle, with respect to a normalizing plane and develop an analytical equation to the chromaticity cone, for the spectral colors. In the interior of the (CIE) chromaticity diagram, by homogenizing elliptic cylinders with...

We present a new approach of beam homogenizing elements based on a statistical array of concave cylindrical microlens arrays. Those elements are used to diffuse light in only one direction and can be employed together with fly's eye condensers to generate a uniform flat top line for high power coherent light sources. Conception, fabrication and characterization for such 1D diffusers are present...

The first problem concerned the operation of a sulfur dioxide filter. In particular, to model the production and transportation of the fluid within the filter. The efforts of the group were directed at developing a multi-scale model predicting the production of sulfuric acid on the scale of the entire filter by describing the generation of acid at the individual catalyst level, and homogenizing...

In this note we show that Ye-Todd-Mizuno's O(p nL)-iteration homogeneous and self-dual linear programming (LP) algorithm possesses quadratic convergence of the duality gap to zero. In the case of infeasibility, this result shows that a homogenizing variable quadratically converges to zero and implies that the iterates of the (original) LP variable quadratically diverge. Thus, we have establishe...