Laser-produced plasma ~LPP! devices are being developed as a light source for the extreme ultraviolet ~EUV! lithography applications. One concern of such devices is to increase the conversion efficiency of laser energy to EUV light. A new idea based on the initiation and confinement of cumulative plasma jet inside a hollow laser beam is developed and simulated. The integrated computer model ~HE...

Solid and hollow cylindrical indium pillars with nanoscale diameters were prepared using electron beam lithography followed by the electroplating fabrication method. The microstructure of the solid-core indium pillars was characterized by scanning micro-X-ray diffraction, which shows that the indium pillars were annealed at room temperature with very few dislocations remaining in the samples. T...

Permanent magnet arrays have advantages for magnetic field generation over the traditional current based magnetic flux sources, such as electromagnets, in that they do not require a power supply and cooling system. Magnetic flux density above the magnetic remanence BR of the permanent magnet material can be achieved by arranging the permanent magnet segments in the form of hollow cylindrical sh...

The presently used hollow fiber membrane modules consist of a bundle of fibers in a cylindrical polymer or metal shell parallel to the shell axis. The feed solution flows either through the lumen or at the outside parallel to the fibers. This paper compares the performance of these modules with a new transverse flow module where the hollow fibers are positioned perpendicularly to the flow direc...

In a novel design of lithium-ion batteries, hollow electrode particles coated with stiff shells are used to mitigate mechanical and chemical degradation. In particular, silicon anodes of such coreeshell nanostructures have been cycled thousands of times with little capacity fading. To reduce weight and to facilitate lithium diffusion, the shell should be thin. However, to avert fracture and deb...

Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) via electrostrictive force is a fundamental interaction between light and sound which limits the power in conventional optical fibers. The emergence of optical microfibers with subwavelength diameter, ultralight mass and an intense light field, provides a new platform for photon-phonon coupling, resulting in the radiation pressure mediated contribution of S...

Hollow-walled lattices are novel cellular materials with lower densities than conventional dense-walled lattices. However, their manufacturability by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is not yet established. This study investigates the LPBF of Ti-6Al-4V hollow-walled struts respect to strut outer diameter, wall thickness (controlled scan path), and inclination angle, while length purposely limited...

From observations on the partial disintegration of isolated human metaphase chromosomes we propose that human metaphase chromatids have a rather simple organization based on the folding and coiling of a long, regular, hollow cylindrical structure with a diameter of about 4000 A. This cylindrical structure, the unit fiber, is postulated to be a super-solenoid formed by the coiling of a 300 A sol...

We describe the use of a polished, hollow cylindrical nickel single crystal to study effects of step edges on adsorption and desorption of gas phase molecules. The crystal is held in an ultra-high vacuum apparatus by a crystal holder that provides axial rotation about a [100] direction, and a crystal temperature range of 89 to 1100 K. A microchannel plate-based low energy electron diffraction/r...

Amphiphilic poly(phenylquinoline)-block-polystyrene rod-coil diblock copolymers were observed to self-organize into robust, micrometer-scale, spherical, vesicular, cylindrical, and lamellar aggregates from solution. These diverse aggregate morphologies were seen at each composition, but their size scale decreased with a decreasing fraction of the rigid-rod block. Compared to coil-coil block cop...