This work provides a review of hydrodynamic characteristics and mass transfer in the K?hni extraction columns. The experiments, as reported literature, were performed presence absence transfer. results showed that Sauter mean drop diameter was strongly affected by rotor speed interfacial tension, whereas effects dispersed continuous velocities negligible. Empirical correlations for diameter, ta...

A holdup problem on workers’ skill investment arises when employers can adopt discriminatory hiring norm to extract higher than socially optimal profit. In such an economy, productivity (skills) and non-productivity oriented characteristics (discrimination) both matter when determining which worker has priority. The resulting firms’ preference is an intertwined ranking order, by virtue of which...

We argued in our article, Patent Holdup and Royalty Stacking, that the threat to obtain a permanent injunction can greatly enhance a patent holder’s negotiating power, leading to royalty rates that exceed a benchmark level based on the value of the patented technology and the strength of the patent. Our analysis showed that such problems are especially likely to arise for patents covering a min...