A list of non-standard abbreviations: DEET-N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide E2-estradiol TST-testosterone HLM-human liver microsomes CYP-cytochrome P450 HPLC-high performance liquid chromatography This article has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version. DMD#10439 Abstract Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are major catalysts in metabolism of xenobiotics and endogenous su...

BACKGROUND Conventional treatments for the articular diseases are often effective for symptom relief, but can also cause significant side effects and do not slow the progression of the disease. Several natural substances have been shown to be effective at relieving the symptoms of osteoarthritis (OA), and preliminary evidence suggests that some of these compounds may exert a favorable influence...

Dans Soleil amer, Lilia Hassaine revient sur l’immigration algérienne de la période postcoloniale. Nous verrons dans cet article que l’auteure choisit faire évoluer ses personnages au rythme trois décennies qui illustrent, chacune d’elle, une étape planification urbaine l’époque. Les années 60 seront celles l’utopie avec naissance des HLM, les 70 l’abandon le changement politiques sociales et, ...

Testing multilevel mediation using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) has gained tremendous popularity in recent years. However, potential confounding in multilevel mediation effect estimates can arise in these models when within-group effects differ from between-group effects. This study summarizes three types of HLM-based multilevel mediation models, and then explains that in two types of the...

We investigated the impact of a sustainable development technology on the macroeconomic variables in a small economy utilizing a case study with a stochastically improving energy saving technology and a stochastically increasing energy price. The results show the technological displacement effects of energy saving technology are stronger, but there are more ambiguous instantaneous returns to ph...

Nearly all hierarchical linear models presented to political science audiences are estimated using maximum likelihood under a repeated sampling interpretation of the results of hypothesis tests. Maximum likelihood estimators have excellent asymptotic properties but less than ideal small sample properties. Multilevel models common in political science have relatively large samples of units like ...

The effects of eight components from six commonly consumed spices on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) transport and CYP3A4 metabolism were evaluated in vitro. P-gp-mediated [(3)H]digoxin fluxes across the L-MDR1 (LLC-PK1 cells transfected with human MDR1 gene) and Caco-2 (human colon carcinoma) cell monolayers showed a marked asymmetry compared with that in the LLC-PK1 (porcine kidney epithelial cells) ce...

BACKGROUND Whole-grain (WG) intake is important for human health, but accurate intake estimation is challenging. Use of a biomarker for WG intake provides a possible way to validate dietary assessment methods. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to validate WG intake from 2 diets reported by children, using plasma alkylresorcinol (AR) concentrations, and to investigate the 3-mo reproducibility of AR concen...

Cinobufagin (CB), a major bioactive component of the traditional Chinese medicine Chansu, has been reported to have potent antitumor activity. In this study, in vitro metabolism of CB among species was compared with respect to metabolic profiles, enzymes involved, and catalytic efficiency by using liver microsomes from human (HLM), mouse (MLM), rat (RLM), dog (DLM), minipig (PLM), and monkey (C...

These lecture notes present some basic intuitions underlying structural equations modeling (SEM). If you find this technique useful in your research, I suggest that you take a semester-long course on SEM and/or hierarchical linear model (HLM). It turns out that SEM and HLM are essentially the same technique but some things are easier to implement in one versus the other so disciplines tend to f...