Sheikh Safi mausoleum includes a number of buildings of different periods, which Shah Tahmasb first turned them into a single complex. Later, Shah Abbas amended this complex and added important buildings to it. In general, the great importance of this historical monument is reflected in its relationship with the Safavid dynasty.  According to the travelogues and tourists and historians’ writin...

This article proposes a new way of approaching the roots secularism and its outcome that is secularization. The fact this phenomenon arises precisely in Christian world, which ultimately leads to complete emancipation what worldly toward religion, profanum sacrum, astonishing. process European has beginning 11th century, when so-called dispute about reason was initiated resulting, next epochs h...

in recent decades, iranian villages have experienced an increasing transformation culturally and environmentally due to the social changes. in pre-modern period (about half a century ago), villages were known as the production sources and had an important social and economic credit as cities foundation. however, a number of changes occurred in the rural “lifestyle” resulting from development of...

OBJECTIVE To investigate approaches to supporting the analysis of historical medication datasets with RxNorm. METHODS We created two sets of National Drug Codes (NDCs). One is based on historical NDCs harvested from versions of RxNorm from 2007 to present. The other comprises all sources of NDCs in the current release of RxNorm, including proprietary sources. We evaluated these two resources ...

This article tries to demonstrate that Islam recognizes women’s social presence and endorses their participation in political, economic, and cultural activities in society. The claim is supported by the Quranic reports of women’s social activities in the past nations and by a number of jurisprudential verses (āyāt al-aḥkām) pertaining to social matters. Further evidence for th...

in historical sources and studies, among abbasid caliphs, al-amin (april 787 – 24/25 september 813) characterized as a caliph with moral vices. this negative picture emerged from the accounts of muslims historiographical texts, such as al-akhbâr al-tiwâl, in first centuries of islam and the contemporary historical studies about abbasid caliphate, based on that accounts, accept it as his real, h...