Histone deacetylases (HDACs) and histone acetyltransferases (HATs) maintain the balance of histone acetylation, and play important role in chromosome modification and gene expression. Histone deacetylases have been identified to modify acetylation of proteins other than histones and inhibit gene expression. Here we summarize the functions of histone deacetylases in glycometabolism including the...

The 'histone code' is a well-established hypothesis describing the idea that specific patterns of post-translational modifications to histones act like a molecular 'code' recognized and used by non-histone proteins to regulate specific chromatin functions. One modification, which has received significant attention, is that of histone acetylation. The enzymes that regulate this modification are ...

Epigenetic modification as an intrinsic fine-tune program cooperates with key transcription factors to regulate the cell fate determination. The histone acetylation participating in neural differentiation of pluripotent stem cells is expected but not well studied. Here, using acetylated histone H3 ChIP-sequencing (ChIP-seq), we demonstrate that the histone H3 acetylation level is gradually incr...

Nucleosomes are involved in DNA compaction and transcriptional regulation. Yet it is unclear whether histone modification marks are primary or secondary to transcription and whether they interact to form a histone code. We investigated the relationship between transcription and four histone modifications (H4ac, H3ac, H3K4me2/3) using ChIP-chip and expression microarray readouts from two murine ...

BACKGROUND The ovulatory LH surge rapidly alters the expression of steroidogenesis-related genes such as steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) in granulosa cells (GCs) undergoing luteinization. We recently reported that histone modifications contribute to these changes. Histone modifications are regulated by a variety of histone modification enzymes. This study investigated the changes ...

In this work, we introduce a similarity-network-based approach to explore the role of interacting single-cell histone modification signals in haematopoiesis—the process differentiation blood cells. Histones are proteins that provide structural support chromosomes. They subject chemical modifications—acetylation or methylation—that affect degree accessibility genes and, turn, formation different...

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histones constitute a major chromatin indexing mechanism, and their proper characterization is of highest biological importance. So far, PTM-specific antibodies have been the standard reagent for studying histone PTMs despite caveats such as lot-to-lot variability of specificity and binding affinity. Herein, we successfully employed naturally occurring...

Recent studies have provided strong evidence for a regulatory link among chromatin structure, histone modification, and splicing regulation. However, it is largely unknown how local histone modification patterns surrounding alternative exons are connected to differential alternative splicing outcomes. Here we show that splicing regulator Hu proteins can induce local histone hyperacetylation by ...

Acetylation of lysines is a prominent form of modification in mammalian proteins. Deacetylation of proteins is catalyzed by histone deacetylases, traditionally named after their role in histone deacetylation, transcriptional modulation, and epigenetic regulation. Despite the link between histone deacetylases and chromatin structure, some of the histone deacetylases reside in various compartment...