The author analyses the process of direct participation in Poland compared with other European countries. analysis includes a review subject literature and new qualitative study carried out as part DIRECT project (2017–2018) co-financed by Commission. article aims to examine trends outline various components process. defines (DP) conferral upon subordinates tasks that they are expected perform ...

introduction one of the most important pre-processing steps in optical coherence tomography (oct) is reducing speckle noise, resulting from multiple scattering of tissues, which degrades the quality of oct images. materials and methods the present study focused on speckle noise reduction and edge detection techniques. statistical filters with different masks and noise variances were applied on ...

Edge detection and edge enhancement techniques play an essential role in interpreting potential field data. This paper describes the application of various edge detection techniques to gravity data in order to delineate the edges of subsurface structures. The edge detection methods comprise analytic signal, total horizontal derivative (THDR), theta angle, tilt angle, hyperbolic of tilt angle (H...

There are two types of digital filters including Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) and Finite Impulse Response (FIR). IIR filters attract more attention as they can decrease the filter order significantly compared to FIR filters. Owing to multi-modal error surface, simple powerful optimization techniques should be utilized in designing IIR digital filters to avoid local minimum. Imperialist compe...