Here we genetically characterise pelvic finless, a naturally occurring model of hindlimb loss in zebrafish that lacks pelvic fin structures, which are homologous to tetrapod hindlimbs, but displays no other abnormalities. Using a hybrid positional cloning and next generation sequencing approach, we identified mutations in the nuclear localisation signal (NLS) of T-box transcription factor 4 (Tb...

Here we genetically characterise pelvic finless, a naturally occurring model of hindlimb loss in zebrafish that lacks pelvic fin structures, which are homologous to tetrapod hindlimbs, but displays no other abnormalities. Using a hybrid positional cloning and next generation sequencing approach, we identified mutations in the nuclear localisation signal (NLS) of T-box transcription factor 4 (Tb...

We reinvestigated the organization of the premotor cortex (PM) using intracortical microstimulation. Movements of forelimb, hindlimb, and orofacial structures were evoked from broad regions of PM that appeared to be contiguous with other motor areas. There were two principal findings: (1) the somatotopy of PM lies roughly parallel to that of the primary motor cortex (MI). Forelimb movements wer...

Axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum) have the ability to regenerate amputated limbs throughout their life span. In the present study, we attempted to elucidate how axolotls can specify limb type correctly during the regeneration process. We misexpressed Tbx5 in regenerating hindlimb blastema, and consequently a forelimb-like hindlimb regenerated from the hindlimb blastema. On the other hand, no chang...

The aim of this study was to examine whether control of vascular resistance by vagal afferents is altered in the early as well as late stage of hypertension. We examined the effects of vagotomy on hindlimb vascular resistance as well as on arterial baroreflex control of hindlimb vascular resistance in spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar-Kyoto rats, 12 and 35 weeks old. Vagotomy in rats w...

One group of dogs was trained to perform a placing movement of the right or left foreleg in response to tactile stimuli administered to the ipsilateral hindlimbs. The animals learned this task with difficulty. In another group of dogs the method of crossed reflexes was applied. As a correct response to the right tactile stimulus, the movement of the left foreleg was required, and vice versa. Th...

We describe a new species of dicroglossid frog of the Fejervarya limnocharis complex from western Honshu, Japan Mainland. The new species, Fejervarya kawamurai, is genetically closer to F. sakishimensis than to F. limnocharis. It differs from F. sakishimensis by smaller tympanum, head, forelimb, hindlimb, foot, and tibia lengths, all relative to snout-vent length, and from F. multistriata by re...

We constructed a force platform to investigate the scaling relationships of the detailed dynamics of jumping performance in striped marsh frogs (Limnodynastes peronii). Data were used to test between two alternative models that describe the scaling of anuran jumping performance; Hill's model, which predicts mass- independence of jump distance, and Marsh's model, which predicts that jump distanc...

A quantitative study of hindlimb kinematics during terrestrial locomotion in a non-specialized salamander was undertaken to allow comparisons with limb movements in other groups of tetrapods. Five Dicamptodon tenebrosus were videotaped at 200 fields s-1 walking on a treadmill. Coordinates of marker points on the salamander's midline, pelvic girdle and left hindlimb were digitized through at lea...