Figure 1: MoS2 layered structure. As the world economy continues to expand the demand for petroleum based fuel increases and the price of these fuels rises. The rising price of fuel has another consequence: refiners tend to purchase cheaper fuels of poorer quality. These poor quality fuels contain increasing amounts of sulfur and other pollutants leading to a decline in air quality worldwide. A...

In Brazil, gasoline and ethanol coexist as automotive fuels and are becoming closer substitutes as flex cars become more widely adopted. We employ this source of variation in a large panel of weekly prices at the station level to show that fuel prices have fallen in response to this change. This finding is evidence of market power in fuel retail and indicates that innovations that increase cons...

This paper explores whether home buyers are myopic about future energy costs. I exploit variation in energy costs in the form of fuel price changes in Massachusetts where there is significant overlap in the geographic and age distributions of oil-heated homes and gas-heated homes. I find that relative fuel price shifts cause relative changes in housing transaction prices that are consistent wit...

In this study, we use the computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to examine welfare and growth effects of expanding grain-based fuel ethanol production in China. The results show that reasonable development of grain-based fuel ethanol will accelerate China’s economy, improve rural household income, and narrow the gap between the rich and the poor. However, expanding the production of grain-...

This study provides a mathematical model that delivers fundamental data for developing a pricing strategy for fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs). A mathematical model that transforms the life-cycle cost of a hydrogen vehicle into the corresponding gasoline vehicle is designed using cost-benefit analysis and life-cycle analysis. The FCEV obtains economic advantages when its life-cycle cost is l...

Abstract: In this paper, we develop a novel electric power supply chain network model with fuel supply markets that captures both the economic network transactions in energy supply markets and the physical network transmission constraints in the electric power network. The theoretical derivation and analysis are done using the theory of variational inequalities. We then apply the model to a spe...

Abstract: In this paper, we develop a novel electric power supply chain network model with fuel supply markets that captures both the economic network transactions in energy supply chains and the physical network transmission constraints in the electric power network. The theoretical derivation and analyses are done using the theory of variational inequalities. We then apply the model to a spec...

Market based valuation of generation assets is a critical problem in competitive power markets. Previous approaches to this problem has included modeling the cash flow from a generator as a spread option between electricity and fuel prices, which ignores the effect of flexibility and startup costs. Simulation based approaches with full unit commitment constraint have been presented, but they ar...

In 1975 the United States government required automobile manufacturers to increase the corporate average fuel economy of their products. Why were such CAFE regulations more effective than increases in the price of gasoline in improving fuel economy? Our answer focuses on myopia by consumers, myopia by producers, and the rational incentive to delay irreversible