Sugar composition was determined in three groups of products: starch (maltose) syrup produced in Poland from wheat starch (for several years beekeepers have been trying to use it as bee food), winter store made from the syrup by bees and honey. Winter stores were analyzed in three subgroups: subgroup 1 – material collected from honeycombs of bee colonies two months after the syrup was fed to th...

High-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) has been implicated in excess weight gain through mechanisms seen in some acute feeding studies and by virtue of its abundance in the food supply during years of increasing obesity. Compared with pure glucose, fructose is thought to be associated with insufficient secretion of insulin and leptin and suppression of ghrelin. However, when HFCS is compared with sucr...

The overall aim of this study was to evaluate, from a global and ecological perspective, the relationships between availability of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) and prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Using published resources, country-level estimates (n =43 countries) were obtained for: total sugar, HFCS and total calorie availability, obesity, two separate prevalence estimates for diabetes, prev...

We aimed to investigate whether increased consumption of fructose is linked to the increased prevalence of fatty liver. The prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is 3% and 20% in nonobese and obese subjects, respectively. Obesity is a low-grade chronic inflammatory condition and obesity-related cytokines such as interleukin-6, adiponectin, leptin, and tumor necrosis factor-α may pla...

Honey bee colony feeding trials were conducted to determine whether differential effects of carbohydrate feeding (sucrose syrup (SS) vs. high fructose corn syrup, or HFCS) could be measured between colonies fed exclusively on these syrups. In one experiment, there was a significant difference in mean wax production between the treatment groups and a significant interaction between time and trea...

date syrup is a natural sweetener that is a suitable ingredient to be used in formulation of food products in order to improve the nutrient properties. in this research a new drink is produced by the addition of date syrup in concentration of 5%, 8%, and 10% to milk. physical, chemical, rheological and sensory properties of the samples were evaluated. statistical analysis using spss software an...

Sketch of experimental lot where windbreak protection was tested. East-west fence (left) is 6 feet high; north-south fence (top) is 8 feet high. Shed and barn also provide protection. duced the wind run by about one-half. Performance data (table 3) indicates the major effects of windbreaks were on feed intake and feed conversion. These effects were consistent for three years and were statistica...

The conversion of D-fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) on a 1 mmol scale was achieved in good yield (68%) using NH(4)Cl as catalyst in isopropanol at 120°C. About 3% of 5-i-propoxymethylfurfural was formed. The reaction in ethanol at 100°C on a 10g scale gave a total yield of HMF and 5-ethoxymethylfurfural of 42%. No mineral acid such as H(2)SO(4) and HCl are required.

The noncharacterized protein CLOSCI_02528 from Clostridium scindens ATCC 35704 was characterized as D-psicose 3-epimerase. The enzyme showed maximum activity at pH 7.5 and 60°C. The half-life of the enzyme at 50°C was 108 min, suggesting the enzyme was relatively thermostable. It was strictly metal-dependent and required Mn²⁺ as optimum cofactor for activity. In addition, Mn²⁺ improved the stru...