This article challenges recent research (Evans, 2008) reporting that the concentration of cited scientific literature increases with the online availability of articles and journals. Using Thomson Reuters’ Web of Science, the present article analyses changes in the concentration of citations received (2and 5-year citation windows) by papers published between 1900 and 2005.Three measures of conc...

Global gas markets feature two types of suppliers: piped gas and LNG exporters. Pipelines have a high degree of “asset specificity”: once built, they are physically bound to a particular route. LNG is transported by tanker, with a choice of export markets. Put simply: LNG is mobile, pipelines are not. This paper uses game-theoretic modelling to show how its commitment to serving a single market...

In 1992, the U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission created a secondary market for natural gas transportation whereby shippers holding firm transportation capacity on interstate natural gas pipelines can compete with the pipeline in the provision of transportation services. However, if a shipper does not use some of its contracted firm transportation capacity, the pipeline can resell that ca...

This article provides data-driven analyses of Lithuanian foreign trade activities. We combine Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) and Lauraéus-Kaivo-oja (LKI) measures to identify key changes trends in export import structures the economy. The findings suggest that portfolios economy have been successfully diversified Smart Specialisation Strategy (S3) successful implemented years 2015 through 202...

The monopoly power in the duck egg and meat market structure in Tamil Nadu, the fourth largest duck raising zone of India was analysed by means of Concentration Ratio (CR) and Hirschman-Herfindahl Index (H index) and in the absence of monopoly, Bain’s classification was used to identify the prevailing structure of market. Five channels were identified to market eggs, while three for duck meat. ...

The land-use mix index is a way to quantify the mixture of patterns. Due practical limitations, few studies have highlighted validity indices. This paper aims explore potential characteristics indices using three-step screening method. data precision was concluded after first-step screening. A total 10 virtual blocks and 217 in Melbourne city center served as case study reflected various struct...

This paper has examined the pattern of protection of plant varieties and the early impact of plant variety protection (PVP) on Indian seed industry. The results have shown a positive response by all the actors involved in seed provision, viz. public research institutes, private seed companies, and farmers in terms of participation in protection of varieties. To measure the concentration of priv...

In this review, we describe the creation of a large database of thermoelectric materials prepared by abstracting information from over 100 publications. The database has over 18 000 data points from multiple classes of compounds, whose relevant properties have been measured at several temperatures. Appropriate visualization of the data immediately allows certain insights to be gained with regar...

Risk analysis depends to a large extent on the type of data. Aggregate data can serve as a useful surrogate for individual data. However, in practice, there is uncertainty on the reliability and adequacy of aggregated data. In this paper we estimate the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) for a loan portfolio using both aggregate data and individual data. Then, we compare both estimates to assess ...

Consumer search is analysed in a cross-sector study of six markets in the US, Germany and UK using online panel data. Two constructs are used to measure the search process: the consideration set and use of price comparison engines. The consideration sets range from 2.3 to 3.1 in the US, from 2.3 to 2.6 in Germany and from 2.6 to 3.2 in the UK, regardless of the use of price comparison engines. ...