F. Sopeña, C. Maqueda, and E. Morillo. 2009. Controlled release formulations of herbicides based on micro-encapsulation. Cien. Inv. Agr. 36(1): 27-42. Annual worldwide losses to weeds are estimated to comprise approximately 10-15% of attainable production among principal food sources. Worldwide consumption of herbicides represents 47.5% of the 2 million tons of pesticide consumed each year. How...

although there is a tendency worldwide towards alternative methods in effectively managing weeds, use of herbicides to control weeds in conventional agriculture is still inevitable. with regard to externalities (through unsystematic use of herbicides) imposed upon environment, in the present paper it has been tried to study the willingness to pay of wheat farmers to plan for reducing the side e...

During five subsequent growing seasons field experiments were carried out at the experimental farm of the University College Ghent (Belgium) to evaluate the selectivity and efficacy of herbicides for chemical weed control in triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack). The experiments were set up on a sandy loam soil, according to a completely randomised block design with four replications. Several he...

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a unicellular green alga, has been used in bioassay detection of a variety of toxic compounds such as pesticides and toxic metals, but mainly using liquid culture systems. In this study, an algal lawn-agar system for semi-quantitative bioassay of herbicidal activities has been developed. Sixteen different herbicides belonging to 11 different categories were applied to...

The toxicity of 7 herbicides to the three cyanobacteria was tested in this work. The results indicated that: (1) There was a highly significant relationship between dried weight or chlorophyll-a and OD680nm for tested cyanobacteria; (2) the toxicity of the tested herbicides with the order from high to low was: photosynthesis-inhibiting > ACCase inhibitor > protox inhibiting herbicides; (3) the ...

Triazine herbicides belong to the group of the most widely used herbicides worldwide. In this review paper, encompassing mostly the relevant research and publications done in the last decade, the fate of triazine herbicides after their introduction in the environment will be discussed. They are transformed in a variety of transformation products after their application, and some of these produc...

Urea herbicides form, together with phenoxy derivatives and triazines, the most important agricultural herbicide group. The urea-derivatives are typical pre-emergence herbicides applied usually as aqueous emulsions to the surface of soil. Almost all of the urea compounds with good herbicidal action are trisubstituted ureas, containing a free iminohydrogen. According to the receptor theory, this...

This paper is an introduction to the primary effects of herbicides on photosynthetic electron transport, photophosphorylation and pigment syn­ thesis. Herbicides are not known to have primary effects on transcription, translation or carbon fixa­ tion, and the inhibition of lipid synthesis by the thiolcarbamates will not be considered since it is not restricted to the chloroplast. We will be con...

This study demonstrates that corn can be partially safened by BAS-145138 against sulfonyl­ urea and imidazolinone herbicides. The corn seeds were impregnated with BAS-145138 by soaking the seeds for 6 h in solutions o f the safener. BAS-145138 had no effect on corn growth. However, corn shoot and root growth in length, fresh weight, and dry weight was partially protected by BAS-145138 from the ...

Bermudagrass is often overseeded with a cool-season grass species in the fall to provide a green surface during cool weather. Recently, two new turfgrass species, meadow fescue and tetraploid ryegrass, have shown promise for use in overseeding situations. The objective of this study was to determine the performance of herbicides commonly used to remove (transition) perennial ryegrass from an ov...