To prepare hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antigen the egg drop syndrome virus (EDSV) was propagated in 10-day-old embryonated duck eggs. The virus antigen was inactivated with two methods including heating (65°C) and adding 0.5% formaldehyde by considering low destroying effect on hemagglutination (HA) and HI titers. The EDSV HI titers of 310 sera and 100 yolks obtained from 23 chicken farms ...

The uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain 536 (O6:K15:H31) exhibits a mannose-resistant hemagglutination phenotype (Mrh) with bovine erythrocytes and delayed Mrh with human and guinea pig erythrocytes. Neuraminidase treatment of the erythrocytes abolishes mannose resistant hemagglutination, which is typical for X fimbriae. E. coli strain 536 synthesizes two different fimbriae (Fim phenotype) pr...

Surfactant protein D (SP-D) plays important roles in innate host defense against influenza A virus (IAV) infection, in part by modifying interactions with neutrophils. Human neutrophil defensins (HNPs) inhibit infectivity of enveloped viruses, including IAV. Our goal in this study was to characterize antiviral interactions between SP-D and HNPs. Recombinant and/or natural forms of SP-D and rela...

Reversed passive hemagglutination was used to assay enterotoxin in culture filtrates and in food samples. With cells tanned and then sensitized with antitoxin globulin and preserved with either formaldehyde or pyruvic aldehyde, as little as 0.0007 mug of enterotoxin was detectable. The results of hemagglutination tests compared well with those obtained by quantitative precipitin tests or by imm...

A hemagglutination method employing tanned human O erythrocytes sensitized with purified Group A streptococcal polysaccharide has been developed to measure A polysaccharide antibody in antistreptococcal rabbit and human sera. The reaction of sensitized RBC with known Group A streptococcal rabbit antisera, inhibition of hemagglutination with A polysaccharide, and abolition of hemagglutination an...

A reverse hemagglutination assay was used to study adherence to human erythrocytes by Escherichia coli H10407, which possesses colonization factor antigen I. Pretreatment of erythrocytes with trypsin, chymotrypsin, papain, protease, and neuraminidase completely abolished attachment reactivity. In addition, the hemagglutination reaction was prevented by the presence of urea and guanidine. In con...