STUDY OBJECTIVE To examine the association between maternal diet in pregnancy and offspring height, sitting height, and leg length. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING South west England. PARTICIPANTS 6663 singletons (51% male) enrolled in the Avon longitudinal study of parents and children, with information on their mother's diet in late pregnancy (obtained by food frequency questionnaire) and ...

Improving heat transfer and performance in a radial, finned, shell and tube heat exchanger is studied in this study. According to the second law of thermodynamics, the most irreversibilities of convective heat transfer processes are due to fluid friction and heat transfer via finite temperature difference. Entransy dissipations are due to the irreversibilities of convective heat transfer. There...

BACKGROUND Studies have yet to determine the optimal height at which the posterior tibial tendon (PTT) can be re-routed and the tendon length discrepancy at different height levels in terms of PTT transfer via the circumtibial route. This cadaveric study was conducted to determine the optimal height of PTT subcutaneous transfer and to compare tendon length discrepancies at different heights. ...

Flexibility in motor actions can be defined as variability in the use of degrees of freedom (e.g., joint angles in the arm) over repetitions while keeping performance (e.g., fingertip position) stabilized. We examined whether flexibility can be increased through enlarging the joint angle range during practice in a manual obstacle-avoidance target-pointing task. To establish differences in flexi...

heat transfer mechanisms and the solidification process are simulated for a continuous casting machine and the geometric shape of the liquid pool is predicted considering different conditions. a heat transfer and solidification model is described for the continuous casting of steel slabs. the model has been established on the basis of the technical conditions of the slab caster in the continuou...