T he debate about the role of coronary revascularization on top of optimal medical therapy for patients with obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) and stable symptoms remains vibrant. Despite significant progress in understanding risk factors for atherosclerosis and altering those risk factors at the level of populations, the " double whammy " of the aging of the population as a whole, coup...

Our first deductive system expresses relationships between classes of things. Each class is represented by a noun naming the class, or by an adjective that describes a property that distinguishes the members of the class from nonmembers. These nouns or adjectives denoting classes of things are called categorical terms, or simply terms. For example, the term animals refers to the class of things...

OBJECTIVE To describe trends in the use of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) following the COURAGE trial, which found that medical therapy is as effective as PCI for patients with stable angina. DATA SOURCES We used the National Hospital Discharge Survey; inpatient and outpatient discharge data from Florida, Maryland, and New Jersey; and the English Hospital Episode Statistics database...

On at least one prominent and traditional view, courage involves actions undertaken to accomplish an important objective in the face of danger to the person performing the action. The danger may be to one’s physical or psychological well being, or to one’s reputation, professional standing, or personal relationships. Such actions are, moreover, usually distinguished from rash, foolish, or reckl...