Weight loss diets for humans that are based on a high intake of protein but low intake of fermentable carbohydrate may alter microbial activity and bacterial populations in the large intestine and thus impact on gut health. In this study, 19 healthy, obese (body mass index range, 30 to 42) volunteers were given in succession three different diets: maintenance (M) for 3 days (399 g carbohydrate/...

BACKGROUND The optimal source and amount of dietary carbohydrate for managing type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are unknown. OBJECTIVE We aimed to compare the effects of altering the glycemic index or the amount of carbohydrate on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), plasma glucose, lipids, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in T2DM patients. DESIGN Subjects with T2DM managed by diet alone (n=162) were randomly ass...

BACKGROUND High-carbohydrate diets improve plasma cholesterol concentrations but increase triacylglycerol concentrations; the latter effect increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Triacylglycerol concentrations increase only during very-high-carbohydrate diets consisting mainly of simple sugars. OBJECTIVE We compared the CVD risk profile, cholesterol metabolism, and glucose tolera...

Humans can derive energy from carbohydrate, fat, or protein. The metabolism of carbohydrate requires by far the highest secretion of insulin. The central pathology of diabetes is the inability to maintain euglycaemia because of a deficiency in either the action or secretion of insulin. That is, because of either insulin resistance often accompanied by hyperinsulinaemia, or insulin deficiency ca...

Weight loss can be achieved by any means of energy restriction, but the challenge is to achieve sustainable weight loss and prevent weight 'creep' without increasing the risk of chronic disease. The modest success of low fat diets has prompted research on alternative dietary strategies including high protein diets and low glycemic index (GI) diets. Conventional high carbohydrate diets, even whe...

This publication is the Russian translation of Plain Language Summary (PLS) Cochrane Systematic Review: Naude CE, Brand A, Schoonees Nguyen KA, Chaplin M, Volmink J. Low-carbohydrate versus balanced-carbohydrate diets for reducing weight and cardiovascular risk. Database Reviews. 2022, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD013334. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD013334.pub2.

Trained standardized dogs were fasted until the blood pressure declined to the stuble fasting level and were realimented with isocaloric diets high in protein (horse meat) or in carbohydrate (rice or cracker meal). Realimentation was at low maintenance or luxus consumption levels of caloric intake. At the former level, there was no difference between the diets, but at the latter level, the syst...

OBJECTIVE The glycemic index (GI) of dietary carbohydrate is thought to affect glucose homeostasis. Recently, the Effect of Amount and Type of Dietary Carbohydrates on Risk for Cardiovascular Heart Disease and Diabetes Study (OmniCarb) trial reported that a low-GI diet did not improve insulin sensitivity. We conducted this ancillary study of the OmniCarb trial to determine the effects of GI and...

A low fat, high carbohydrate diet in combination with regular exercise is the traditional recommendation for treating diabetes. Compliance with these lifestyle modifications is less than satisfactory, however, and a high carbohydrate diet raises postprandial plasma glucose and insulin secretion, thereby increasing risk of CVD, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity and diabetes. Moreover, the curr...