reza esmaeili department of health economics, school of health management and information sciences, iran university of medical sciences, tehran, ir iran mohammad hadian department of health economics, school of health management and information sciences, iran university of medical sciences, tehran, ir iran; department of health economics, school of health management and information sciences, iran university of medical sciences, tehran, ir iran. tel: +98-2188794302, fax: +98-2188883334 arash rashidian department of health management and economics, school of public health, tehran university of medical sciences, tehran, ir iran mohammad shariati community medicine department, school of medicine, tehran university of medical sciences, tehran, ir iran hossien ghaderi department of health economics, school of health management and information sciences, iran university of medical sciences, tehran, ir iran

elaheh hooshmand health sciences research center, department of health and management, school of health, mashhad university of medical sciences, mashhad, ir iran sogand tourani hospital management research center, iran university of medical sciences, tehran, ir iran; school of health management and information sciences, iran university of medical sciences, tehran, ir iran; , school of health management and information sciences, iran university of medical sciences, p.o. box: 1995614111, tehran, ir iran. tel: +98-9123458077, fax: +98-2188883334 hamid ravaghi school of health management and information sciences, iran university of medical sciences, tehran, ir iran hossein ebrahimipour health sciences research center, department of health and management, school of health, mashhad university of medical sciences, mashhad, ir iran

Karen H. Wang Joseph L. Goulet Constance M. Carroll Melissa Skanderson Samah Fodeh Joseph Erdos Julie A. Womack Erica A. Abel Harini Bathulapalli Amy C. Justice Marcella Nunez-Smith Cynthia A. Brandt

gerald bloom institute of development studies, university of sussex, brighton, uk