This article focuses on rationing of expensive medical care in the Czech Republic. It distinguishes between political and clinical decision levels and reviews the debate in the Western literature on explicit and implicit rules. The contemporary situation of the Czech health care system is considered from this perspective. Rationing reoccurred in the mid 90s after the shift in health care financ...

This article focuses on rationing of expensive medical care in the Czech Republic. It distinguishes between political and clinical decision levels and reviews the debate in the Western literature on explicit and implicit rules. The contemporary situation of the Czech health care system is considered from this perspective. Rationing reoccurred in the mid 90s after the shift in health care financ...

Rationing of nursing care is a widespread and growing phenomenon whose causes are multifaceted consequences serious. Nursing rationing defined as withholding or failing to perform necessary tasks due insufficient time, staffing, and/or inadequate skills. also omission, delay, failure complete, which qualifies an error omission. Unfinished has many negative for patients, nurses, organizations. T...

The purpose of this paper is to explore how rationing decisions are made by government and hospital policy makers and practitioners, at the micro, meso and macro levels of analysis, through examining the rationing of cardiac care in a Canadian hospital, and discussing how the interaction between policy makers and practitioners at each of these levels affects the process and outcomes. Data were ...

n engl j med 366;21 nejm.org may 24, 2012 1949 distributive justice. But in the United States, ethical debate is now shifting from rationing to the avoidance of waste. This little-noticed shift has important policy implications. Whereas the “R word” is a proverbial third rail in politics, ethicists rush in where politicians fear to tread. The ethics of rationing begins with two considerations. ...

Although no politician will commit career suicide by admitting it, rationing of healthcare is inevitable, whatever the healthcare system, recession or no recession. Medicines, particularly biologicals, modern surgery and intensive care are pushing back the boundaries of what can be done to salvage seemingly hopeless situations, to give but three examples. The UK will never be able to pay for al...

We consider a seller who can sell her product over two periods, advance and spot. The seller has private information about the product quality, which is unknown to customers in advance and publicly revealed in spot. The question we consider is whether the seller has an incentive to signal quality in advance and, if so, how she can convey a credible signal of product quality. We characterize the...