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Mongolia is a poor country that lost 30% of its GDP when the Soviet Bloc collapsed in 1990. Its health care system had the typical weaknesses of centrally planned economies--quantity rather than quality, excessive medical specialisation, dominance of the hospital sector, weak policy and management capabilities, little community participation in decision making, and so on. This paper describes M...

In large systems, such as health care, reforms are underway constantly. The article presents a definition of health care reform and factors that influence its success. The factors being discussed range from knowledgeable personnel, the role of involvement of international experts and all stakeholders in the country, the importance of electoral mandate and governmental support, leadership and cl...

Policy Forum T he Chilean health system has been studied extensively [1]. Its current form is the result of a major reform undertaken by the Pinochet government following the coup d'état in 1973. Pinochet's reform established competition between public and private health insurers and promoted private health services, following neoliberal principles. Neoliberalism is an economic and political mo...

Despite the wide variety of health care systems in industrialized democracies, a universal paradigm for financing, organization, and macromanagement has been emerging through reforms of the past decade. The policies within this paradigm attempt to promote equity, social efficiency, and consumer satisfaction by combining the advantages of public finance principles--universal access and control o...

Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 The Welfare State in Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Swedish Ideology and Political Preferences . . . . . . ....

This study provides an overview of funding mechanisms in Croatian health care and analyses them in terms of sustainability, efficiency and equity. The study presents an in depth investigation of problems facing funding health care in Croatia: high expenditure, inadequate financial resources, continuous deficits of the state insurance fund, lack of transparency in funding, an aging population, e...

Background: The Ethiopian health care system is under tremendous reform. One of the issues high on the agenda is health care financing. In an effort to protect citizens from catastrophic effects of the clearly high share of out-of-pocket expenditure, the government is currently working to introduce health insurance. Objective: This article aims to highlight the components of the Ethiopian healt...

Japan’s total fertility rate is very low (1.29 in 2003), and Japanese life expectancy is among the highest (78.4 years for males and 85.3 years for females at birth in 2003) in developed countries. Consequently, the population is aging rapidly, which has had a heavy impact on welfare state reform in Japan. In European healthcare reforms, early reforms in the 1980s emphasized cost containment; t...

Introduction The Benchmarks of Fairness framework was conceived in the United States of America at the beginning of the 1990s to evaluate planned health insurance reforms. It is now used to evaluate the fairness of health sector reforms (Daniels et al. 2000, 2005) and several developing countries have already used it to strengthen their capacity to assess health-care reforms. In the context of ...