INTRODUCTION Normal fracture healing is a complex, multi-step process involving cellular events influenced and regulated by local and systemic factors. The most common biological failure in fracture healing involves an improperly formed callus during the first weeks following fracture. Recent advances in understanding the regulatory factors controlling fracture healing have suggested that a num...

Optimising the results of fracture treatment requires a holistic view of both patients and treatment. The nature of the patient determines the priority targets for outcome, which differ widely between the elderly and the young, and between the victims of high and low energy trauma. The efficacy of treatment depends on the overall process of care and rehabilitation as well as the strategy adopte...

Bone is a remarkable organ because it retains the capacity to regenerate.1 When successful, the healing of a fractured bone results in complete reconstitution of form and function. However, the healing process itself is quite complex and thus prone to failure. Even today, .10% of fracture patients in industrialized countries experience delayed or compromised healing. A high percentage of these ...

Increased oxygen tension influences bone metabolism. This study comprised two main experiments: one aimed to determine the bone mineral apposition and bone formation rates in vivo under hyperbaric hyperoxia (HBO), and the other aimed to evaluate the effects of exposure to HBO on fracture healing. In experiment 1, male mice were exposed to HBO [90 min/day at 90% O₂ at 2 atmospheres absolute (ATA...

OBJECTIVES Treatment with Sclerostin antibody (Scl-Ab) has shown to enhance fracture healing in rodent and non-human primate models. The current study investigated the time-dependent changes during Scl-Ab treatment in a mouse osteotomy model. METHODS 1 day after osteotomy, C57BL mice received subcutaneous injection with vehicle or Scl-Ab at 25 mg/kg, twice/week for 2, 4, or 6 weeks. 20 mice f...

BACKGROUND Phytoestrogens are plant-derived natural molecules having some bone forming and bone substituting effects. In the present study, the role of phytoestrogens on bone healing was investigated in a rabbit fracture model. METHODS Twenty-two New Zealand white rabbits with right tibia fracture were divided into two groups randomly. The plant derived extract of Vitex agnus-castus L. (Verbe...

Fracture and bone segment loss are major clinical problems in birds. Achieving bone formation and clinical union in a fracture case is important for the survival of the bird. To evaluate the efficacy of bone grafts for defect healing in birds, 2 different bone grafts were investigated in the healing of a bone defect in 24 healthy pigeons ( Columba livia ). In each bird, a 1-cm critical size def...

The heparin-binding growth and differentiation factor midkine (Mdk) is proposed to negatively regulate osteoblast activity and bone formation in the adult skeleton. As Mdk-deficient mice were protected from ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss, this factor may also play a role in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis. We have previously demonstrated that Mdk negatively influences bone ...

Low-magnitude high-frequency vibration (LMHFV) has been proven to promote osteoporotic fracture healing. Mechanical stimulation was reported to enhance SDF-1/CXCR4 signalling in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We hypothesised that LMHFV promoted osteoporotic fracture healing by enhancing MSC migration through the SDF-1/CXCR4 pathway. 152 ovariectomised SD-rats received closed femoral fracture in...

INTRODUCTION: The molecular and cellular regulation of fracture healing is not completely understood, yet such knowledge is critical to developing treatments to optimize bone repair and remodeling. One area of continued interest is osteoimmunology: studying the interactions between pathways of the immune system and their interplay with bone healing. Specifically, immunological regulation of the...