Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) encodes one protein, hepatitis delta antigen (deltaAg), a 195-amino-acid RNA binding protein essential for the accumulation of HDV RNA-directed RNA transcripts. It has been accepted that deltaAg localizes predominantly to the nucleolus in the absence of HDV genome replication while in the presence of replication, deltaAg facilitates HDV RNA transport to the nucleopla...

The hepatitis delta virus (HDV) nucleocapsid consists of a genomic-length RNA of 1.7 kb and approximately equimolar amounts of the small and large forms of the hepatitis delta antigen (S-HDAg and L-HDAg, respectively). Since HDV RNA particles contain not only a genomic RNA species encoding S-HDAg but also an RNA species encoding L-HDAg, which is produced by an RNA-editing process, the question ...

Efficient assembly of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) was achieved by cotransfection of Huh7 cells with two plasmids: one to provide expression of the large, middle, and small envelope proteins of hepatitis B virus (HBV), the natural helper of HDV, and another to initiate replication of the HDV RNA genome. HDV released into the media was assayed for HDV RNA and HBV envelope proteins and characteriz...

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) relies heavily on host functions and on structural features of the viral RNA. A good example of this reliance is found in the process known as HDV RNA editing, which requires particular structural features in the HDV antigenome, and a host RNA editing enzyme, ADAR1. During replication, the adenosine at the amber/W site in the HDV antigenome is edited to inosine. As a...

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) contains a circular RNA which encodes a single protein, hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg). HDAg exists in two forms, a small form (S-HDAg) and a large form (L-HDAg). S-HDAg can transactivate HDV RNA replication. Recent studies have shown that posttranslational modifications, such as phosphorylation and acetylation, of S-HDAg can modulate HDV RNA replication. Here we sho...

Coupled with the growth of world economy, the demand of freight transport has escalated and will continue to do so. As the traffic intensity increases, the pressure on infrastructure, energy usage and environment becomes higher than ever. Meanwhile, the number of traffic accidents is also increasing year by year as a result. Heavy-duty vehicle (HDV) platooning makes a group of HDVs driving clos...

Serological markers of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection were found in 18 (12%) of 146 consecutive patients with chronic hepatitis B, and the characteristics of patients who had antibody to HDV (anti-HDV-positive) were analyzed. During one to 15 years of follow-up, histological deterioration was documented in 77% of anti-HDV-positive patients; however, in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)...

BACKGROUND Hepatitis D Virus (HDV) causes accelerated liver diseases in patients with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection. There is lack of data about its prevalence, related risk factors and interaction with HBV carriers in our country. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis delta and associated risk factors among Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and "i...

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a distant relative of plant viroids in the animal world. Similar to plant viroids, HDV replicates its circular RNA genome using a double rolling-circle mechanism. Nevertheless, the production of hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg), which is indispensible for HDV replication, is a unique feature distinct from plant viroids, which do not encode any protein. Here the HDV ...

results the mean age of chb patients was 38.5± 11.9 years and 55.9% of them (231 patients) were male. there were 13 cases (3.1%) with hdv infection. there was no association between positive anti-hdv serology and factors such as age, gender, carrier state, liver enzymes, and positive hepatitis b e antigen (hbeag) serology. conclusions although hdv had a low prevalence in our area, it is importa...