Hazards are situations that can result in accidents. This can include loss of lives, injuries and economic or environmental disasters, depending on the domain. For example, a common hazard in the aviation domain is in-flight engine shutdown. Hazard analysis is the process of discovering hazards in a system. This activity has been performed for many years in safety engineering and is a straightf...

The project aimed to investigate how hazard perception and responding is affected by level of experience as a motorcycle rider and to assess the extent to which hazard perception and responding can be improved by specific training. The literature review showed that car drivers with fewer crashes and older or more experienced drivers respond more quickly on hazard perception tasks and that at le...

the territory of serbia is vulnerable to various types of natural hazards and the risk is not equal across the entire territory; it varies depending on the type of hazard and the expected potential for damage. the first aim of this research was to determine the geographical distributions of the major types of natural hazards. seismic hazards, landslides, rock falls, floods, torrential floods...

One of the key steps in safety risk assessment of an Air Traffic Management (ATM) operation is to identify as many potential hazards as is possible. All these potential hazards have to be analysed upon their possible contribution to safety risk of the operation considered. In an agent-based safety risk assessment of ATM operations there are two approaches towards the assessment of the safety ri...

This study reports the results from a 5 year simulation of forest thinning intended to reduce fire hazard on publicly managed lands in the western United States. A state simulation model of interrelated timber markets was used to evaluate the timber product outputs. Approximately 84 million acres (34 million hectares), or 66% of total timberland in the western United States, is publicly managed...

The world is becoming predominantly urban. Such urban systems are threatened by the risk of urban-scale hazards. However, hazard simulation is one of the promoting methods that empower preparedness for the on-time scenario which in turn help to reduce human, economy, culture, and environment losses. This paper presents a Distributed Object-based Software Environment (DOSE) for urban systems int...

NIST Handbook 146, HAZARD I—Fire Hazard Assessment Method [1], represents the culmination of a long-term program aimed at placing the prediction of fire outcomes on an objective and scientific basis. In the 1970s, NIST supported Harvard University to develop numerical models that could predict the temperature in a room containing a fire. These early models were difficult to use and interpret; r...

The present study aims to explore the protection level that can be achieved by the German control banding (CB) tool Einfaches Massnahmenkonzept Gefahrstoffe, 'Easy-to-use workplace control scheme for hazardous substances'. The rationale of our integrated approach is based on the Bewertungsindex (BWI), which is the quotient of the exposure level and the occupational exposure limit (OEL), with BW...

In this paper we apply the minimum cross-entropy method (MinxEnt) for estimating rare-event probabilities for the sum of i.i.d. random variables. MinxEnt is an analogy of the Maximum Entropy Principle in the sense that the objective is to minimize a relative (or cross) entropy of a target density h from an unknown density f under suitable constraints. The main idea is to use the solution to thi...