Hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) is defined as pneumonia that occurs 48 hours or longer after hospital admission and excludes any infection that is incubating at the time of admission1. It is also commonly termed nosocomial pneumonia. Ventilator-associated pneumonia is widely recognised as pneumonia developing after at least 48 hours of mechanical ventilation (MV), and can be considered a subg...

INTRODUCTION: In orthopedic surgery, bone grafting has been performed to treat diseases and injuries, such as bone tumor and bone fracture. In general, bone implantation is classified into three types: i) auto-grafting, ii) allografting and iii) artificial-bone grafting. Among these bone implantations, auto-grafting is well-known as a common practice and is harvested from the patient. However, ...

S-heteroallelic pollen (HAP) grains are usually diploid and contain two different S-alleles. Curiously, HAP produced by tetraploids derived from self-incompatible diploids are typically self-compatible. The two different hypotheses previously advanced to explain the compatibility of HAP are the lack of pollen-S expression and the "competition effect" between two pollen-S gene products expressed...

the paper is focused on the formation of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (hap) in polyelectrolyte-modified microemulsions, in a microemulsion template phase consisting of cyclohexane, water, cationic surfactant and cosurfactant, in the presence of na-polyacrylate (paa) as an anionic polyelectrolyte. it is shown that paa, can be incorporated into the individual inverse microemulsion droplets. the m...

PURPOSE Hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) is a major complication of stroke. We sought to determine associations between infarction of specific brain regions and HAP. METHODS 215 consecutive acute stroke patients with HAP (2003-2009) were carefully matched with 215 non-pneumonia controls by gender, then NIHSS, then age. Admission imaging and binary masks of infarction were registered to MNI-1...

Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae is a common cause of respiratory tract disease and initiates infection by colonizing the nasopharynx. The H. influenzae Hap adhesin is an autotransporter protein that was discovered because it promotes intimate interaction with human epithelial cells. Hap contains an extracellular domain called Hap(s) that has adhesive and protease activity and an outer membra...

The induction of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in vitro has been suggested to correlate with the reactogenicity of Vibrio cholerae vaccine candidates. V. cholerae vaccine candidate 638, a hemagglutinin protease/hap-defective strain, was recently reported to be well tolerated in human volunteers, suggesting a role for Hap in reactogenicity. We examined the role of hap in the induction of IL-8 in intestin...

Engineering new bone tissue with cells and a synthetic extracellular matrix (scaffolding) represents a new approach for the regeneration of mineralized tissues compared with the transplantation of bone (autografts or allografts). In the present work, highly porous poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and PLLA/hydroxyapatite (HAP) composite scaffolds were prepared with a thermally induced phase separation...

The aim of the present controlled clinical study was to compare the clinical response of grafting superporous hydroxyapatite (HAp) granules to superporous HAp blocks in the treatment of human intrabony periodontal defects. Twenty interproximal intrabony osseous defects in 20 healthy, non-smoking subjects diagnosed with chronic periodontitis were included in this study. These twenty subjects wer...

A sintered hydroxyapatite (HAP) ceramic for use in wear studies was prepared from a commercial tricalcium phosphate. The sintered HAP had physical properties close to those of human enamel. The coefficient of friction and wear of the sintered HAP ceramic as characterized by tangential force, track width, and surface failure data, approximated those of human enamel.