Floating Point operations is widely used in many areas, especially in signal processing. The greater dynamic range and lack of need to scale the numbers makes development of algorithms much easier. However, implementing arithmetic operations for floating point numbers in hardware is very difficult. The IEEE floating point standard defines both single precision (32-bit) and double precision (64-...

In this paper, we propose a novel approach to perform efficient motion estimation specific to surveillance videos. A real-time background subtractor is used to detect the presence of any motion activity in the sequence. Two approaches for selective motion estimation, GOP-by-GOP and Frame-byFrame, are implemented. In the former, motion estimation is performed for the whole group of pictures (GOP...

In this paper, we present a new non-restoring square root algorithm that is very efficient to implement. The new algorithm presented here has the following features unlike other square root algorithms. First, the focus of the “nonrestoring” is on the “partial remainder”, not on “each bit of the square root”, with each iteration. Second, it only requires one traditional adder/subtractor in each ...

We consider the design of synthetic embedded feedback circuits that can implement desired changes in the concentration of the output of a biomolecular process (reference tracking in control terminology). Such systems require the use of a “subtractor”, to generate an error signal that captures the difference between the current and desired value of the process output. Unfortunately, standard imp...

Quantum-dot cellular automaton (QCA) is an up-coming nanotechnology in the area of nanoelectronics and is found to be an alternative solution to replace conventional CMOS technology for several reasons. It has attractive features such as faster speed, smaller size, and low power consumption compared to transistor-based technology. The experiments carried out in QCA demonstrated and realized the...

In this paper, we present a new non-restoring square root algorithm that is very efficient to implement. The new algorithm presented here has the following features unlike other square root algorithms. First, the focus of the “nonrestoring” is on the “partial remainder”, not on “each bit of the square root”, with each iteration. Second, it only requires one traditional adder/subtractor in each ...

By exploiting nonlinear effects in a semiconductor optical amplifier, different functionalities for all-optical digital signal processing are implemented. In particular we demonstrate the logic functions of integrated addition-subtraction and demultiplexing. The all-optical realizations are based on semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI), which represent one...