We distinguish between two versions of descriptivism. What we label “explanatory descriptivism” is a program for explaining how words get meaning and reference. Meaning descriptivism, on the other hand, is the view that many syntactically simple terms are synonymous with descriptions. It is a claim about what the meaning of such terms is, not about how the facts determine what the meaning is. E...

The Method of Auxiliary Mapping (MAM), introduced by Babuška and Oh, was proven to be very successful in dealing with monotone singularities arising in two dimensional problems. In this paper, in the framework of the p-version of FEM, MAM is presented for one-dimensional elliptic boundary value problems containing singularities. Moreover, in order to show the effectiveness of MAM, a detailed pr...

Correspondence: [email protected] Chair for Computation in Engineering, Technische Universität München, Arcisstraße 21, 80333 München, Germany Full list of author information is available at the end of the article Abstract Recently, a multi-level hp-version of the Finite Element Method (FEM) was proposed to ease the difficulties of treating hanging nodes, while providing full hp-approximat...

Standard methods for predicting bone’s mechanical response from quantitative computer-tomography(qCT) scans are mainly based on classical h-version Finite Element Methods (FEMs). This approach is often limited in terms of numerical accuracy and efficiency due to the low order polynomial approximation model, the need for segmentation, and the use of piecewise constant material properties assignm...

BACKGROUND Several randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) have sought to determine the efficacy of bovine lactoferrin in Helicobacter pylori eradication with equivocal results. AIM To evaluate the effect of bovine lactoferrin supplementation in H. pylori eradication. METHODS Electronic databases, reviews, bibliographies, abstracts and conference proceedings were searched. Included trials had t...

We consider the discretization of an optimal boundary control problem with distributed observation by the boundary concentrated finite element method. With an H(Ω) regular elliptic PDE on two-dimensional domains as constraint, we prove that the discretization error ‖u∗ − uh‖L2(Γ) decreases like N −δ, where N denotes the total number of unknowns. For the case δ = 1 in convex polygonal domains, t...

Abstract For the h -finite-element method ( -FEM) applied to Helmholtz equation, question of how quickly meshwidth must decrease with frequency k maintain accuracy as increases has been studied since mid 80’s. Nevertheless, there still do not exist in literature any -explicit bounds on relative error FEM solution (the measure most often used practical applications), apart from one dimension. Th...