This paper presents a performance-driven I/O pin routing algorithm with special consideration of wire uniformity. First, a topological routing based on min-cost max-flow algorithm is proposed. In this phase, an exponential weight function is used to guide the flow distribution which is very helpful in distributing wires, globally and uniformly, on the whole routing area. Then a physical routing...

conclusions invasive treatment of dialysis patients for cvc related complications is effective and durable during mid-term follow up with no re-intervention, clinical episode of vte or death. cta is a reliable mean for the diagnosis of cvc related complications. methods this is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of dialysis patients treated for cvc-related complications an...

Central vein catheterization is a routine and relatively safe procedure in critically ill patients. Complications with this procedure depend to the site of catheterization and the skill of the operator. In addition to the common complications with femoral vein catheterization there are some rare usually preventable side effects related to guide wire and catheter. In our patient who underwent fe...

Biopsy procedures for sampling of the proximal bile duct during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) can be technically difficult. Insertion of biopsy forceps into the bile duct is not an easy task and can cause some adverse events. In addition, controlling and positioning the forceps can be difficult during targeted sampling of a designated area. If we could easily insert biop...

OBJECTIVE To elucidate the key points for safe performance of transradial angiography. CONCLUSIONS Transradial angiography can be performed safely if attention is paid to the following points from after radial artery puncture to reaching the aortic arch: resistance during guide wire operation for sheath insertion after puncture; confirmation of the superficial brachial artery; guide wire resi...

Guide wire fractures during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are very rare, but when they do occur they may lead to life-threatening complications, such as embolization, thrombus formation and perforation. In cases when percutaneous retrieval has failed, surgical extraction of the remnant fragments is recommended. We present a case of remnant guide wire filaments that remained in place ...

Percutaneous coronary angioplasty is increasingly employed in the treatment of patients with complex coronary artery disease. Different steerable guide wires used to open occluded vessel and facilitate balloon and stent deployment. However, the guide-wire itself is not without hazard: it may perforate or dissect the vessel, but fracture or entrapment is uncommon. Its management depends on the c...

BACKGROUND Orotracheal intubation in dogs is a common and easily-performed procedure that provides a patent airway during anaesthesia. In dogs with temporomandibular joint ankylosis or pseudo-ankylosis, airway management can be a challenging procedure since these dogs have a limited ability to open their mouth. Methods to provide safe, uneventful intubation in such patients may include minimall...