2014 Fast ellipsometers have made feasible real-time assessment of heterostructure growth in a vapour phase ambient. A fast ellipsometer/MO-VPE experimental system is described and the possibilities of in situ ellipsometry are investigated in the case of GaAs-(Al, Ga)As structure growth : qualitative assessment in real-time and quantitative assessment (growth rate, composition determination and...

The extent of growth stimulation of C3 plants by elevated CO2 is modulated by environmental factors. Under optimized environmental conditions (high light, continuous water and nutrient supply, and others), we analysed the effect of an elevated CO2 atmosphere (700 ppm, EC) and the importance of root-bed size on the growth of tobacco. Biomass production was consistently higher under EC. However, ...

We consider a game between two polluting firms and an inspection agency, which can inspect ambient pollution levels before inspecting individual firms, but without committing itself to announced inspection probabilities. Without ambient inspections, we have a unique equilibrium. With ambient inspections, we obtain several equilibria, depending on the relative values of the environmental cost of...

Introduction: Ambient temperature is considered as a factor affecting on the body's metabolism, So that increase or decrease ambient temperature to the range thermoneutral zone (TNZ) (This temperature is 20.3°C to 23°C for covered people) lead to body metabolic changes, and maybe effective on the increase or reduce the prevalence of obesity. Our aim of this study was to review ...

Depletion of stratospheric ozone over the Antarctic has been re-occurring yearly since 1974, leading to enhanced UV-B radiation. Arctic ozone depletion has been observed since 1990. Ozone recovery has been predicted by 2050, but no signs of recovery occur. Here we review responses of polar plants to experimentally varied UV-B through supplementation or exclusion. In supplementation studies comp...

Two cultivars of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum cv. CP73-1547 and CP88-1508) were grown for 3 months in paired-companion, temperature-gradient, sunlit greenhouses under daytime [CO2] of 360 (ambient) and 720 (double ambient) micromol mol(-1) and at temperatures of 1.5 degrees C (near ambient) and 6.0 degrees C higher than outside ambient temperature. Leaf area and biomass, stem biomass and ju...

The microstructure evolution (crystallite size and microstrain) as well as the residual stress of Cu thin films of various thicknesses (250 nm, 500 nm and 1 ìm) on passivated Si substrates during isochronal annealing was investigated by in-situ X-ray diffraction measurements in the temperature range between 25°C and 250°C. Before annealing, the thermoelastic behaviour was investigated excluding...

A novel way of playing games called ambient gaming is defined and described. Growing out of ideas in ambient music, ambient gaming is defined as “ignorable as it is interesting” after Brian Eno’s description of ambient music. Ambient gaming is set in the context of existing games. Further, ambient games are set in a technological context, showing that the technology enabling their development i...

this study aimed to identify and rank the most important environmental factors for the popularity of recreational sports in iran. only those sensitive aspects of the environment to which recreational sports should react were considered in order to survive. this study was performed consecutively in two qualitative and quantitative phases by mixed heuristic method. for this purpose the experts of...

Hutchins et al question the validity of our results showing that under fast growth conditions, the beneficial effect of high CO2 on Trichodesmium is overwhelmed by the deleterious effect of the concomitant decrease in ambient and cellular pH. The positive effect of acidification reported by Hutchins and co-workers is likely caused by culture conditions that support suboptimal growth rates.