At TNO-FEL in The Hague, Netherlands, one of the research programs is to explore the use of ultra-wideband (UWB) electromagnetic fields in a bi-static ground-penetrating radar (GPR) system for the detection, location and identification of buried items of unexploded ordnance (e.g. land mines). In the present paper we describe the current status of the development of this system. The UWB ground-p...

Keeping track of underground utilities through maps or real physical signs is essential for their maintenance and quick repairs, whenever required, without causing much obstruction to day to day life. It is not uncommon that maps are misplaced or real physical signs are destroyed. In such situations, digging and excavation becomes unavoidable during repair works. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) ...

We present the capabilities of low-frequency radar systems to sound the subsurface for a site located in south-central Egypt, the Bir Safsaf region. This site was already intensively studied since the SIR-A and SIR-B orbital radars revealed buried paleodrainage channels. Our approach is based on the coupling between two complementary radar techniques: the orbital synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ...

It is well known in B-scan ground penetrating radar (GPR) imagery that the underground scatterers generally exhibit defocused, hyperbolic characteristics. This is mainly due to the data collection scheme and the finite beam width of the main lobe of the GPR antenna. To invert this undesirable effect and obtain focused images, various migration or focusing algorithms have been developed. In this...

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a geophysical method that employs an electromagnetic technique. The method transmits and receives radio waves to probe the subsurface. One of the earliest successful applications was measuring ice thickness on polar ice sheets in 1960s (Knödel et al., 2007). Since then, there have been rapid developments in hardware, measurement and analysis techniques, and the...

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) and electromagnetic terrain conductivity (EM) surveys were performed to detect frozen ground and peat layers at a proposed landfill site in Fairbanks, Alaska. Geotechnical test pits showed frozen ground and peat layers in places, prompting a concern that differential settlement would disrupt the planned leachate collection system—a network of pipes installed benea...

This paper proposes a probabilistic conic mixture model based on a classification expectation maximization algorithm and applies this algorithm to Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) spatial data interpretation. Previous work tackling this problem using Hough transform or neural networks for identifying GPR hyperbolae are unsuitable for on-site applications owing to their computational demands and t...

In this article, I propose a new method for calculating and visualizing the pulse radiation within depth range commonly used by Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). The text describes illustrates propagation with several examples. One conventional is also applied quick comparison. can be to optimize GPR antennas transmit shapes.