introduction: although dental caries is a preventable disease, it is still common and remains a public health problem. one of the potentially effective preventive measures is the use of lasers. the purpose of this study was to review the studies about use of laser irradiation on the inhibition of carious lesions and the effectiveness of different commercial laser type (nd:yag, co2, and argon). ...

Unphysical heating and macroparticle trapping that arise in the numerical modeling of laser wakefield accelerators using particle-in-cell codes are investigated. A dark current free laser wakefield accelerator stage, in which no trapping of background plasma electrons into the plasma wave should occur, and a highly nonlinear cavitated wake with self-trapping, are modeled. Numerical errors can l...

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is an emerging technology for the mapping of molecular distributions in tissues. In most of the existing studies, imaging is performed by sampling on a predefined rectangular grid that does not reflect the natural cellular pattern of the tissue. Delivering laser pulses by a sharpened optical fiber in laser ablation electrospray ionization (LAESI) mass spectrometr...

The monochromatic aberrations of the human eye limit visual performance to varying degrees. An aberroscope or a Hartman-Shack sensor can measure the total aberrations of the human eye. The aberroscope that is currently being developed at the Centre for Eye Research consists of a grid pattern that is projected on the eye through a specially designed optical system and a camera that records the r...

Purpose. To compare three 360°-laser retinopexy (LRP) approaches (using navigated pattern laser system, single-spot slit-lamp (SL) laser delivery, and single-spot indirect ophthalmoscope (IO) laser delivery) in regard to procedure duration, procedural pain score, technical difficulties, and the ability to achieve surgical goals. Material and Methods. Eighty-six rhegmatogenous retinal detachment...

Navigation is usually thought of relative to landmarks, but neural signals representing space also use information generated by an animal's movements. These signals include grid cells, which fire at multiple locations, forming a repeating grid pattern. Grid cell generation depends upon theta rhythm, a 6-10 Hz electroencephalogram (EEG) oscillation that is modulated by the animals' movement velo...

Two-photon polymerization, based on two-photon absorption, is a convenient direct laser writing process to fabricate maskless structures in microand nanometer range with submicrometer resolution. Negative photoresists are used in combination with this technique, however, utilization of positive resists with two-photon absorption is very innovative. Due to less shrinkage and economic manufacturi...

Spatial cognition in mammals is thought to rely on the activity of grid cells in the entorhinal cortex, yet the fundamental principles underlying the origin of grid-cell firing are still debated. Grid-like patterns could emerge via Hebbian learning and neuronal adaptation, but current computational models remained too abstract to allow direct confrontation with experimental data. Here, we propo...

We design an optimal grid pattern such that an observed image of a small portion of it can be matched to its corresponding position in the pattern easily. The grid shape is so determined that the cross ratio of adjacent intervals is different everywhere. The cross ratios are generated by an optimal Markov process that maximizes the accuracy of matching. Finally, we show a virtual studio applica...

Given finite sets P and T of points in the Euclidean space R, the point pattern matching problem studied in this paper is to find all translations f ∈ R such that P + f ⊆ T . A fast search algorithm with some variants is presented for point patterns P that have regular grid–like geometric shape. The algorithm is analogous to the Knuth–Morris–Pratt algorithm of string matching. The time requirem...