In theory, competitive electricity markets can provide incentives for efficient investment in generating capacity. We show that if consumers and investors are risk averse, investment is efficient only if investors in generating capacity can sign long-term contracts with consumers. Otherwise the uncovered price risk increases financing costs, reduces equilibrium investment levels, distorts techn...

The intensification of countries’ growth causes the depletion natural resources, biodiversity degradation, ecological imbalances, damage, and disasters. aggravation issues requires development mechanisms for simultaneous achievement economic, social, goals. energy sector is core direction economic decarbonization. Therefore, green due to extension innovative technologies renewable energies rele...

In this paper we develop a novel theory to explain why green stocks should underperform relative conventional stocks. We assume that investors derive utility from investing in – what call “warm-glow” investment. the theoretical implications of these preferences model is an extension Consumption-based Capital Asset Pricing Model. estimate using Generalized Method Moments. Our estimates strength ...

Previous studies have reported mixed results on the effect of green credit policy firms’ behaviors. Investment decision making is one most important elements behaviors, but few discussed relationship between and investment decisions. Therefore, this paper explores Using Chinese listed firms from 2008 to 2020, we found that tended reduce pollutant-emitting level increases efficiency; was more pr...

The aim of this paper is to examine the concentration of wealth among the group of top wealth holders, defined as those with wealth in excess of a high cut off. The paper begins by considering the definition of this cut off, analogous to the definition of a poverty line at the other end of the distribution. It then considers what can be learned about the proportion classified as ‘rich’ and abou...

We begin the development of a theory of Banach spaces in the definable setting of o-minimal structures. We outline several results which develop the theory of compact embeddings for explicitly given function spaces. One aim is to explain the substantive underpinnings of an important observation used in the proof of the Reparameterization Theorem of Pila and Wilkie in [2]. We place this observat...

Nowadays, with the green economy becoming mainstream in the world, an industrial revolution as the core of green development has emerged. Based on the empirical evidence from China’s 30 provinces, this study establishes an evaluation index system of China’s industrial green development and applies the analytic hierarchy process to determine the indices’ weights and properties to measure the lev...