this study attempts to investigate the effect of peers’ revision in comparison to that of the teacher, and whether peers’ comments and teachers’ comments facilitate students’ revision? if yes, which one is more effective? also attempts have been made to see which aspects of language are more highlighted by peers versus teachers when commenting. besides, it is investigating the student’s attitud...

the issue of curriculum and syllabus evaluation and revision has been in center of attention right from when curriculum came into attention of educational institutions. thus everywhere in the world in educational institutions curricula and syllabi are evaluated and revised based on the goals, the needs, existing content, etc.. in iran any curriculum is designed in a committee of specialists and...

Estimating the lateral depth variations of the Earth’s crust from gravity data is a non-linear ill-posed problem. The ill-posedness of the problem is due to the presence of noise in the data, and also the non-uniqueness of the problem. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is a stochastic population-based optimizer, originally inspired by the social behavior of fish schools and bird flocks. PSO is ...

The time lapse gravity method is a widely used technique to monitor the subsurface density changes in time and space. In hydrocarbon reservoirs, the density variations are due to different factors, such as: substitution of fluids with high density contrast, water influx, gas injection, and the variation in reservoir geomechanical behavior. Considering the monitoring of saturation changes in the...

the author intend to by studying the historical causes of the appearance of the novation in the west and explanation of its legal nature from past to present of french law, proves on the one hand that the novation does not extracted from the french civil code and in the shiite jurisprudence with quite similar terms even before the enactment of iranian civil code, was considered by the shiite su...