Thyroid ophthalmopathy, or Graves’ ophthalmopathy, is the most common cause of exophthalmos in adults. Graves first described thyroid disease with associated ophthalmopathy in 1835. To date, the pathogenesis of thyroid ophthalmopathy remains speculative, as reflected by the numerous names by which it is described such as dysthyroid ophthalmopathy or thyroid eye disease, thyroid orbitopathy, eut...

The extent of thyroidectomy in Graves' disease is still a matter of controversy. Subtotal thyroidectomy has been used as the standard surgical procedure for Graves' disease in Japan, but high hyperthyroidism relapse rates have been reported. We retrospectively studied serial changes in the thyroid function Graves' disease patients after they had been treated by subtotal thyroidectomy and asse...

To investigate the mechanism of glucose intolerance in patients with Graves' disease, a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test and euglycemic glucose clamp study using Biostator were performed in patients with Graves' disease and control subjects. 80 per cent of the patients showed impaired glucose tolerance. Insulinogenic index in the patients with borderline or diabetic glucose response was lower...

Graves' disease is an autoimmune hyperthyroidism caused by thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAbs). Because Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) persists in B cells and is occasionally reactivated, we hypothesized that EBV contributes to TRAbs production in Graves' disease patients by stimulating the TRAbs-producing B cells. In order for EBV to stimulate antibody-producing cells, EBV must be present in tho...

Here we present the case of a 14-yr-old girl who developed thyroid follicular carcinoma accompanied by Graves' disease. She was diagnosed with Graves' disease at 10 yr of age and soon achieved a euthyroid state after starting treatment. When she was 13 yr of age, her hyperthyroidism and goiter worsened despite medical therapy. Multiple nodules were found in her enlarged thyroid gland by ultraso...

BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS), Hashimoto's disease and Graves' disease are autoimmune diseases that may share similar pathogenic mechanisms. The co-occurrence rates and demographic characteristics of Graves' disease and Hashimoto's disease (HT) in our MS population are compared with the general population. METHODS The prevalence of thyroid disease in our MS patients was determined by cha...

Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) in patients with Graves' disease were investigated according to the ophthalmic classification system of the American Thyroid Association. All prior HLA studies of Graves' disease have disregarded the patients' specific ophthalmic manifestations. Examination of 18 A and 34 B loci antigens disclosed an increased frequency (corrected P = 0.002, relative risk = 13.1) ...

Graves disease has a myriad of known symptoms, ranging from typical symptoms —such as anxiety, palpitations, diaphoresis, weight loss, heat intolerance, and muscle weakness—to less common symptoms such as high-output heart failure and cholestasis. A delay in the recognition of the underlying thyroid disease causing these symptoms can result in fatal consequences. We report a 36-year-old patient...

Thyrotoxicosis due to Graves disease is a relatively common endocrine disorder. The occurrence of a prolactinoma with co-secretion of growth hormone (GH) is on the other hand, rare. We report the rare co-existence of Graves' disease in a patient with macroprolactinoma and GH hypersecretion and describe the successful response to medical therapy with dopamine agonist and antithyroid therapy. We ...