Abstract Nowadays, providing information flow at every phase of a knowledge-based supply chain with technologies has become vital issue due to rapid population growth, globalisation, and increases in demand the chain. Knowledge-based chains have critical role increasing resilience processes emerging technologies. Thus, it is necessary determine factors that increase SC resilience. Therefore, th...

A permuted graph matrix is a matrix V ∈ C(m+n)×m such that every row of the m×m identity matrix Im appears at least once as a row of V . Permuted graph matrices can be used in some contexts in place of orthogonal matrices, for instance when giving a basis for a subspace U ⊆ Cm+n, or to normalize matrix pencils in a suitable sense. In these applications the permuted graph matrix can be chosen wi...

One of the best known results in spectral graph theory is the following lower bound on the chromatic number due to Alan Hoffman, where μ1 and μn are respectively the maximum and minimum eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix: χ ≥ 1+μ1/−μn. We recently generalised this bound to include all eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix. In this paper, we further generalize these results to include all eigenva...

Spectral graph theory is undoubtedly the most favored graph data analysis technique, both in theory and practice. It has emerged as a versatile tool for a wide variety of applications including data mining, web search, quantum computing, computer vision, image segmentation, and among others. However, the way in which spectral graph theory is currently taught and practiced is rather mechanical, ...

This is an expository survey of the uses of matrices in the theory of simple graphs with signed edges. A signed simple graph is a graph, without loops or parallel edges, in which every edge has been declared positive or negative. For many purposes the most significant thing about a signed graph is not the actual edge signs, but the sign of each circle (or ‘cycle’ or ’circuit’), which is the pro...

let $a = (a_{i,j})_{1 leq i,j leq n}$ be an $n times n$ matrixwhere $n geq 2$. let $dt(a)$, its second immanant be the immanant corresponding to the partition $lambda_2 = 2,1^{n-2}$. let $g$ be a connected graph with blocks $b_1, b_2, ldots b_p$ and with$q$-exponential distance matrix $ed_g$. we given an explicitformula for $dt(ed_g)$ which shows that $dt(ed_g)$ is independent of the manner in ...

Spectral graph theory is the study of properties of the Laplacian matrix or adjacency matrix associated with a graph. In this paper, we focus on the connection between the eigenvalues of the Laplacian matrix and graph connectivity. Also, we use the adjacency matrix of a graph to count the number of simple paths of length up to 3.