Theoretically, an improvement in a language model occurs as the size of the n-grams increases from 3 to 5 or higher. As the n-gram size increases, the number of parameters and calculations, and the storage requirement increase very rapidly if we attempt to store all possible combinations of n-grams. To avoid these problems, the reduced n-grams’ approach previously developed by O’ Boyle and Smit...

For CLEF 2008 JHU conducted monolingual and bilingual experiments in the ad hoc TEL and Persian tasks. The TEL task involved focused on searching electronic card catalog records in English, French, and German using data from the British Library, the Bibliotheque Nationale de France, and the Österreichische Nationalbibliothek (Austrian National Library). The approach we adopted for TEL was to st...

We have recently shown that q-gram filters based on gapped q-grams instead of the usual contiguous q-grams can provide orders of magnitude faster and/or more efficient filtering for the Hamming distance. In this paper, we extend the results for the Levenshtein distance, which is more problematic for gapped q-grams because an insertion or deletion in a gap affects a q-gram while a replacement do...

We present Typhoon, a classifier combination system for Named Entity Recognition (NER), in which two different classifiers are combined to exploit Data Redundancy and Patterns extracted from a large text corpus. Data Redundancy is attained when the same entity occurs in different places in documents, whereas Patterns are 2-grams, 3-grams, 4-grams and 5-grams preceding, and following entities in...

We previously proposed the accumulation method, a language-independent text classification method that is based on character N-grams. The accumulation method does not depend on the language structure because this method uses character N-grams to form

We develop bit-parallel algorithms for exact string matching. Our algorithms are variations of the BNDM and Shift-Or algorithms. At each alignment the algorithms read a q-gram before testing the state variable. In addition we apply reading a 2-gram in one instruction. Our experiments show that many of the new variations are substantially faster than any previous string matching algorithm on x86...

Excessive salt/sodium (Sodium > 2 grams/day, equivalent to 5 g salt/day) and low potassium (less than 3.5 grams/day) intake increases the risk of heart attack stroke. To fight against cardiovascular diseases, nutritional strategy is regulate dietary according set standards.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the different levels of vermi (Eisenia fetida) meal on fermented ration in broiler chicken growth and profitability under two management systems. For this purpose, 120 day old broiler chickens (cobb vantress) were tested in a Completely Randomized Design with four (4) dietary treatments: first, the commercial feeds (control), second, 2% vermi ...