In this paper, by using the geometric construction of linear blocking sets as projections of canonical subgeometries, we determine all the GF (q)linear blocking sets of the plane PG(2, q).

We construct and study a class of translation planes with kernel K ∼= GF (q), order q, and n > 2. These planes generalize the j-planes discovered by Johnson, Pomareda and Wilke in [14]. We show these planes are actually jj · · · j-planes. Hence, most of the results obtained in this article are on jj · · · j-planes. In fact, our study shows that these planes are either nearfield or new. An infin...

All studies that have examined children’s comprehension of passives using both actional (e.g. wash) and psychological (e.g. see) verbs in English have found a significant interaction of voice (active vs. passive) and verb type (actional vs. psychological), with psychological passives being answered most poorly. Accounts differ as to whether a grammatical impairment with passive syntax underlies...

This quasi-experimental study aimed to investigate the effect of task repetition under four conditions on the three dimensions of oral production (accuracy, complexity and fluency) and grammatical knowledge gain of learners of English as a Foreign Language (EFL). 40 young learners of English as a Foreign Language in four classes were randomly assigned into one of the following groups: repetitio...

Using an audio-book as a stimulus, and timelocked hemodynamic response modelling of individual events, we show that grammatical subjects and grammatical objects can be differentiated based on fMRI images acquired immediately after hearing a word. A searchlight analysis suggests that grammatical relation information is encoded in the superior and middle temporal gyrus. This finding confirms earl...

To better understand the influence of grammatical encoding on the retrieval and encoding of phonological word-form information during speech production, we examine how grammatical class constraints influence the activation of phonological neighbors (words phonologically related to the target--e.g., MOON, TWO for target TUNE). Specifically, we compare how neighbors that share a target's grammati...

We used an online word-monitoring paradigm to examine sentence processing in healthy seniors and frontotemporal dementia patients with progressive nonfluent aphasia (PNFA) or a nonaphasic disorder of social and executive functioning (SOC/EXEC). Healthy seniors were sensitive to morphosyntactic, major grammatical subcategory, and selection restriction violations in a sentence. PNFA patients were...

The knowledge of grammatical categories such as nouns and verbs is considered to lie at the foundations of human language comprehension and production abilities. Words’ distributional and phonological properties contribute to both adult and infant learning of grammatical categories. Here we investigate the contribution of semantic cues to the acquisition of grammatical categories using grammati...

The present accent rating study investigates the interaction between accent strength and grammatical correctness on perceived accentedness. German native (L1) listeners rated German sentences produced by L1 and non-native (L2) speakers. Sentences either contained a grammatical error or were grammatically correct. Results showed that grammatical correctness affected the accent rating of sentence...