The nanocrystallization processes in Fe-Si-B-Nb-Cu and Fe-Nd-B(-Cu-Nb) amorphous alloys have been studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and a three dimensional atom probe (3DAP). Cu additions are effective in refining the nanocrystalline microstructures of an Fe74.5Si13.5B8Nb3Cu1 alloy and an Fe3B/Nd2Fe14B nanocomposite microstructure. This is because Cu atoms form a high density of...

Growth and surface morphology of epitaxial Fe(110)/MgO(111)/Fe(110) trilayers constituting a magnetic tunnel junction were investigated by low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). STM reveals a grain-like growth mode of MgO on Fe(110) resulting in dense MgO(111) films at room temperature as well as at 250 C. As observed by STM, initial deposition of MgO le...

Genomic regions responsible for accumulation of grain iron concentration (Fe), grain zinc concentration (Zn), grain protein content (PC) and thousand kernel weight (TKW) were investigated in 286 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between an old Indian wheat variety WH542 and a synthetic derivative (Triticum dicoccon PI94624/Aegilops squarrosa [409]//BCN). RILs were grown in si...

an experiment was conducted in the experimental field of seed and plant improvement institute in karaj for three consecutive cropping seasons, 2001-2003, to study the effects of eight different fertilizer treatments including some microelements on grain yield and protein content of a bread wheat cultivar pishtaz. the experiment was in a rcbd with three replications.eight fertilizer treatments w...

The possibility to attain ferromagnetic properties in transparent semiconductor oxides such as ZnO is very promising for future spintronic applications. We demonstrate in this review that ferromagnetism is not an intrinsic property of the ZnO crystalline lattice but is that of ZnO/ZnO grain boundaries. If a ZnO polycrystal contains enough grain boundaries, it can transform into the ferromagneti...

The damage accumulation behavior of different grain boundary structures in Inconel 690 (Ni-29wt%Cr-9wt%Fe) was investigated in the presence of large, localized plastic strains induced by nanoindentation. Spatially-resolved hardness was measured as a function of lateral distance from ‘random’ high-angle grain boundaries and twin boundaries. The confinement of induced defects between the indenter...

Rapid-solidification method was applied to make Fe-15at%Ga and Fe-17at%Ga ribbons of 100 μm thickness. These ribbons have large magnetostriction of 270 ppm, where the coercive force exhibits a maximum value. The phenomenon is related to special metallic texture, that is, the ribbon has strongly [001]-oriented textured fine columnar microstructure with grain size of 2~5 μm. The ribbon has little...

The Autonomous Basin Climbing method and Rate Theory are applied to investigate the interstitial emission mechanism in alpha-Fe. The atomic trajectories and potential energy landscape of the interstitial emission process induced by the S3<110>{111} symmetrical tilt grain boundary are presented. By comparing with vacancy hopping mechanism, the grain boundary influence range at finite temperature...

The relationships between grain yields and whole-plant accumulation of micronutrients such as zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu) in maize (Zea mays L.) were investigated by studying their reciprocal internal efficiencies (RIEs, g of micronutrient requirement in plant dry matter per Mg of grain). Field experiments were conducted from 2008 to 2011 in North China to evaluate RIEs...

Cation diffusion was investigated in La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ (LSC) thin films on (100) yttria stabilized zirconia in the temperature range 625-800 °C. Isotopic ((86)Sr) and elemental tracers (Fe, Sm) were used to establish diffusion profiles of the cations in bi- and multi-layered thin films. The profiles were analyzed by time of flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Grain and grain bound...