Introduction Fatty infiltration of the liver is one of the primary features of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Therefore, accurate quantification of the liver fat content is an important factor in detecting hepatic diseases. MRI is an efficient noninvasive tool for assessing liver fat content. A commonly used liver fat quantification technique with MRI is a dual echo imaging (two gradient seq...

The principles of contrast mechanisms and fast pulse sequences underlying neurological and neuroradiological application of MRI are introduced in this part of a two-part review. In particular, the relaxation time constants T(1), T(2), and T(2) (*) are introduced, along with pulse sequences harnessing their contrast, spin-echo, fast spin echo (FSE), inversion recovery (IR), gradient recalled ech...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate sources of error in the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) measurement of percent fibroglandular tissue (%FGT) using two-point Dixon sequences for fat-water separation. METHODS Ten female volunteers (median age: 31 yrs, range: 23-50 yrs) gave informed consent following Research Ethics Committee approval. Each volunteer was scanned twice following repositioning to enable a...

Background T2* relaxometry offers a non-invasive method to accurately quantify myocardial iron levels, thus aiding the diagnosis and assessment of prognosis of patients. Two T2* sequences are used clinically: the single breathhold multi-echo gradient echo white blood (WB) and black blood (BB) techniques. At 1.5T, BB T2* has superior reproducibility and fewer artefacts than WB T2*. We compared B...

We implemented a dual sequence version of the mixed-TSE sequence, termed here as tandem-mixed-TSE with the following parameters: pulse sequence 1, dual-echo RARE: TE1=14ms, TE2=27ms, TR=4000; pulse sequence 2, dual-echo RARE with inversion recovery pulse: TE1=14ms, TE2=27ms, TI=400ms, TR=4400ms (Figure 1) (1). Images acquired with these two sequences were used to calculate parametric PD, T1, an...

Methods. Thirty patients suspected for liver iron overload were examined by MRI to evaluate the amount of LIC. All examinations were performed at 1.5 T. Gradient echo (GRE) sequences were acquired according to the protocol published by Gandon et al [1]. Furthermore, examinations with spin echo (SE) were performed with a protocol proposed by St. Pierre et al. [2]. For evaluation of GRE data, sig...

Most diffusion imaging sequences rely on single-shot echo-planar imaging (EPI) for spatial encoding since it is the fastest acquisition available. However, it is sensitive to chemical-shift artifacts due to the low bandwidth in the phase-encoding direction, making fat suppression necessary. Often, spectral-selective RF pulses followed by gradient spoiling are used to selectively saturate the fa...

Methods Thirty four patients were enrolled: twenty two males, twelve females, age between 15 days and 80 years old (mean 38 years old) with diagnosis of cardiac mass underwent echo and CMR before biopsy or surgery. Echo gradient cine images in multiple views, T1 and T2 weighted sequences, and additional information derived from first pass perfusion imaging and inversion recovery post gadolinium...