Densities of an herbivorous pest may be impacted by landscape and orchard architecture. We present two orchard experiments where the densities of the Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri) were compared depending on: (1) the presence or absence of a windbreak and (2) if the orchards consisted of a solid set re-planting or an orchard with a mixture of mature and reset-replacement trees. Psyllid...

The public choice literature urges the welfare economist to anticipate how political forces will shape the levels of new policy instruments when government intervenes in a new way. This paper argues that the welfare economist should also recognize that new interventions may impact the politically determined levels of existing policy instruments. It shows how the introduction of a new instrument...

INTRODUCTION Childhood vaccination has proven to be one of the most effective public health strategies to control and prevent disease.1–7 In an effort to reduce childhood morbidity and mortality, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) issues annual recommendations and guidelines for childhood and adolescent immunizations.3,8–10 H...

One of the most typical agro-ecosystems in the Llanos de Ojuelos, a semi-arid region of central Mexico, is that of fruit-production orchards of nopales (prickly pear cacti). This perennial habitat with complex vertical structure provides refuge and food for at least 112 species of birds throughout the year. Nopal orchards vary in their internal structure, size and shrub/tree composition, yet th...

Background: Although the receipt of subsidies addresses only part of the issues faced by infertile couples, the subsidies and assistance, in the form of public support services, has given rise to questions whether are considered important and satisfying. We aimed to clarify the relationship between the assistance offered by local governments in Japan and the needs of infertile women. Materials ...

Alternative ways to control caterpillar pests and reduce the use of pesticides in apple orchards are in the interest of the environment, farmers and the public. Great tits have already been shown to reduce damage under high caterpillar density when breeding in nest boxes in an experimental apple orchard. We tested whether this reduction also occurs under practical conditions of Integrated Pest ...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate population health benefits and cost-effectiveness of interventions for reducing salt in the diet. DESIGN Proportional multistate life-table modelling of cardiovascular disease and health sector cost outcomes over the lifetime of the Australian population in 2003. INTERVENTIONS The current Australian programme of incentives to the food industry for moderate reduction of...

Taylor's Power Law was fit to Tylenchulus semipenetrans population data obtained from individual trees in a survey of 50 Florida citrus orchards (geographic survey) and to data from individual trees within a single orchard collected at regular intervals for 2 years (temporal survey). No significant differences were detected between slope or intercept values when log variance was regressed again...

this research covered three villages in kura local government area of kano state. the study described the socio-economic characteristics of maize producers and their production techniques and also determined the profitability and resource use efficiency in the maize production. structured questionnaires were used for primary data collection and 40 small scale producers were purposively selected...