The minimum wage, unlike most government transfer programs, lowered welfare in the 1980s and 1990s as measured by all commonly used welfare or inequality measures, including various Atkinson indexes, the Gini index, standard deviation of logarithms, and others. The effects of most government programs, macroeconomic variables, and aggregate demographic characteristics were qualitatively the same...

What determines government spending in South Africa? The paper estimates the determinants of real per capita government spending in the Republic of South Africa, using annual data for the period 1960 to 2007, a tumultuous period during which South Africa experienced a variety of internally imposed changes (e.g., the abolition of apartheid, changes in political institutions) and externally gener...

The “middle income trap” is a significant theoretical and practical issue closely related to the economic and social transition and sustainable development of a country. This paper explores the essence of the “middle income trap” and ways to avoid it. It reveals that the inner nature of the “middle income trap” lies in the institutional transition dilemma, which results essentially from a lack ...

increasing concern with income distribution effects rather than growth effects of government activities has prompted numerous incidence analysis of government tax and expenditure behavior, in this paper, the extent of government contributions to changes in income inequality is analyzed for the iranian economy. some major findings of this research is that income distribution in urban areas was m...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the e-government service quality and risk perceptions of personal income taxpayers on e-government service value. Design/methodology/approach – The study uses qualitative in-depth interview and content analysis to explore the determinants of e-government service quality and risk dimensions of e-government service value. Findings – The findings sug...

It has been suggested that the size distribution of income follows a pure random walk. If true, this has serious implications for the effectiveness of U.S. Government income transfer policies. In this paper the random walk hypothesis is addressed by examining whether changes in the size distribution of income are independent. Conventional linear second-order time series analysis suggests that t...

In this research I integrate the theory of welfare stigma (Moffitt, 1983) and the theory of optimal income taxation. I study optimal income taxation and an optimal welfare program within a unified framework, taking welfare stigma into account. In the framework, I assume that the government has two policy instruments: general income taxation and a welfare program. I assume that individuals are h...

We investigate how redistribution of income is affected by the fact that income is privately observed and agents may not be truthful in their reports to the tax authorities. In response, the government establishes an audit mechanism with penalties. Adhering to a signaling equilibrium concept, we prove that agents resort to mixed strategies, which makes it difficult for tax authorities to identi...

abstract main objective of this paper is the investigation the effect of support policies of government on income risk of poultry producers in iran for the 1989-2006. ccv index was used to investigate amount of variation that cause each support policies (market price support, support of agricultural inputs, outputs insurance) on income risk variation of producers. the results of this study show...

This paper considers a Ramsey model of linear capital and labor income taxation in which the government cannot commit ex-ante to a sequence of policies for the future. In this setup, if the government is more impatient than the government, the capital income tax will always be positive in steady state. Thus, impatience and lack of commitment are able to generate positive capital taxes in the lo...