The liver plays a major role in the regulation of glucose homoeostasis. Evidence from liver-specific insulin receptor knockout mice (LIRKO) suggested that insulin's direct and indirect effects on glucose utilization by the liver both require the presence of hepatic insulin receptors (IR). To address this issue, we have generated immortalized neonatal hepatocytes bearing (HIR LoxP) or not (HIR K...

In wild-type mice, a single injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 200 mg/kg body wt) caused within 4 days severe hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, significant glucose intolerance, loss of body weight, and the disappearance of pancreatic beta-cells. However, in ATP-sensitive K(+) channel (K(ATP) channel)-deficient mice (Kir6.2(-/-) mice), STZ had none of these effects. Exposing isolated pancreatic isl...

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) is a coronavirus that causes villus atrophy, followed by crypt hyperplasia, reduces the activities of intestinal digestive enzymes, and disrupts the absorption of intestinal nutrients. In vivo, TGEV primarily targets and infects intestinal epithelial cells, which play an important role in glucose absorption via the apical and basolateral transporters N...

Insulin resistance participates in the glycaemic control disruption in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), by reducing muscle glucose influx and increasing liver glucose efflux. GLUT4 (Slc2a4 gene) and GLUT2 (Slc2a2 gene) proteins play a fundamental role in the muscle and liver glucose fluxes, respectively. Resveratrol is a polyphenol suggested to have an insulin sensitizer effect; however, this e...

It has been proposed that the non-saturable component of intestinal glucose absorption, apparent following prolonged exposure to high intraluminal glucose concentrations, is mediated via the low affinity glucose and fructose transporter, GLUT2, upregulated within the small intestinal apical border. The evidence that the non-saturable transport component is mediated via an apical membrane sugar ...

BACKGROUND Antipsychotic medications can cause an increase in blood glucose and the development of type II diabetes. Metformin may ameliorate these side effects. OBJECTIVE Assess whether or not metformin reduces the abnormalities in glucose metabolism that occur with use of the antipsychotic clozapine. METHODS Eighteen adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into three groups that were ...

Glucose sensing in the brain has been proposed to be involved in regulating food intake, but the mechanism is not known. Glucose transporter type 2 (GLUT2)-null mice fail to control their food intake in response to glucose, suggesting a potential role for this transporter as a glucose sensor in the brain. Here we show that individuals with a genetic variation in GLUT2 (Thr110Ile) have a higher ...

Diabetes is a growing public health concern, and animal models of this disease are necessary for a full understanding of disease pathogenesis, progression, clinical sequelae, and treatment options. In particular, nonhuman primate models of diabetes are important because of their close genetic relationship to humans. Although numerous Old World primate models have been described, few studies hav...

Subarctic populations of the wood frog Rana sylvatica survive freezing to temperatures at least 10–13°C below those of more southerly conspecifics. This profound freeze tolerance is due in part to an enhanced glucosic cryoprotectant system that requires rapid mobilization of glucose from hepatocytes during the early hours of freezing. To determine if glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) in the liver c...

Anthocyanins have multiple biological activities of benefit to human health. While a few studies have been conducted to evaluate the bioavailability of anthocyanins, the mechanisms of their absorption mechanism remain ill-defined. In the present study, we investigated the absorption mechanism of cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside (Cy-3-G) in human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells. Cy-3-G transport wa...