Despite the importance of the oxidative pentose phosphate (PP) pathway as a major source of reducing power and metabolic intermediates for biosynthetic processes, almost no direct genetic or biochemical evidence is available for Bacillus subtilis. Using a combination of knockout mutations in known and putative genes of the oxidative PP pathway and 13C-labeling experiments, we demonstrated that ...

BACKGROUND Oronine H(®) ointment, which contains chlorhexidine gluconate as its active component, is a well known disinfectant, and has been widely used for treatment of acne in Japan. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of this ointment on the formation of comedones induced by application of 50% oleic acid on the orifices of the external auditory canals of rabbits. METHODS T...

The Dialysis Patients Response to IV Iron with Elevated Ferritin (DRIVE) study demonstrated the efficacy of intravenous ferric gluconate to improve hemoglobin levels in anemic hemodialysis patients who were receiving adequate epoetin doses and who had ferritin levels between 500 and 1200 ng/ml and transferrin saturation (TSAT) < or = 25%. The DRIVE-II study reported here was a 6-wk observationa...

A wide variety of antimicrobial cationic agents, such as chlorhexidine gluconate, are commonly used in antiseptic preparations in the prevention of nosocomial infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In this study was investigated the activity of chlorhexidine gluconate against MRSA and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). The quantitative suspensi...

The genetic organization of the idn genes that encode the pathway for L-idonate catabolism was characterized. The monocistronic idnK gene is transcribed divergently from the idnDOTR genes, which were shown to form an operon. The 215-bp regulatory region between the idnK and idnD genes contains promoters in opposite orientation with transcription start sites that mapped to positions -26 and -29 ...

We have cloned the gene cluster encoding three subunits of membrane-bound gluconate dehydrogenase (GADH) from Erwinia cypripedii ATCC 29267 in Escherichia coli by performing a direct-expression assay. The positive clone converted D-gluconate to 2-keto-D-gluconate (2KDG) in the culture medium. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the GADH clone revealed that the cloned fragment contained the complete...

OBJECTIVE To compare castration of dogs by use of intratesticular injection of zinc gluconate with traditional surgical procedures in terms of acceptance by pet owners, ease of use, and short-term outcomes on Isabela Island of the Galápagos Islands. ANIMALS 161 privately owned male dogs admitted to a neuter program. PROCEDURES Medical records of male dogs neutered during a 4-week animal con...

Previous studies (1, 2) have indicated that gluconate is extensively metabolized in the mammal without, prior conversion to glucose. The int,erpretation of experiments performed with labeled gluconate has rested upon the assumption (3) that gluconate is converted to 6-phosphogluconate in t,he course of its metabolism. The enzyme, gluconokinase, which catalyzes this reaction has been partially p...

Calcium gluconate production by Aspergillus niger was investigated in shake flask, rolling shaker, air-lift reactor and stirred reactor. Growth pattern of the organism and fermentation conditions determined the yield of the product. High calcium gluconate production was achieved in air-lift reactor with pellet form of cell growth at moderate specific growth rate and biomass concentration. In an...

For three years, about 1,500 hives were surveyed for varroa mites following feeding tests using cupric gluconate and cupric lactate in sucrose syrup. Three to five litres per hive of 0 to 2.8g of copper metal per litre of sucrose syrup were given in spring and/or summer. Bee and mite mortalities were recorded up to four years without significant toxicity being noted for honeybees. By contrast, ...