nowadays the position of the renewable energy is so important because of the environment pollution and the limitation of fossil fuels in the world. energy can be generated more and more by the renewable sources, but the fossil fuels are non-renewable. one of the most important renewable sources is the wind energy. the wind energy is an appropriate alternative source of fossil fuel. the replacem...

In this contribution, we propose an experimentally validated system-level model of a magnetoelectric transducer and general methodology for future characterization similar transducers. This provides insights into the main origin power losses. An analogy with piezoelectric generators leads to figure merit which is strongly impacted by nonlinear behavior transducer. Considering complexity observe...

Maximum power point tracking controller is essential to obtain the maximum power from a solar array in the photovoltaic systems as the PV power module varies with the temperature and solar irradiation. In this paper, several methods for the MPPT of the PV systems are discussed and it can to be used as a Helpful reference for the upcoming MPPT user in the PV applications.

The article proposes a new approach to maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for photovoltaic (PV) systems operating under partial shading conditions (PSCs) that improves upon the limitations of traditional methods in identifying global (GMP), resulting reduced system efficiency. proposed uses two-stage MPPT method employs machine learning (ML) and terminal sliding mode control (TSMC). In first s...

In the most described maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods in the literatures, the optimal operation point of the photovoltaic (PV) systems is estimated by linear approximations. However, these approximations can lead to less optimal operating conditions and significantly reduce the performances of the PV systems. This paper proposes a new approach to determine the maximum power point (M...

To convert solar energy more viable, the efficiency of solar array systems should be maximized. An easier approach to maximizing the efficiency of solar array systems is Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). MPPT is used in photovoltaic (PV) systems to maximize the output power of photovoltaic array, irrespective of the irradiation and temperature conditions. Many conventional MPPT fails to atta...

This article proposes a novel maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method based on the variant of pigeon-inspired optimization (PIO) algorithm for photovoltaic systems under partial shading conditions (PSCs). The proposed integrates hierarchical network behavior pigeon flock and revises map compass operator original PIO to improve efficiency. In addition, landmark is used perform small-scale sea...