für Naturforschung in cooperation with the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Dieses Werk wurde im Jahr 2013 vom Verlag Zeitschrift für Naturforschung in Zusammenarbeit mit der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. digitalisiert und unter folgender Lizenz veröffentlicht: Creative Commons Namen...

Geomatics, composed of the disciplines of geopositioning, mapping and the management of spatially oriented data by means of computers, has recently evolved as a new discipline from the integration of surveys and mapping (geodetic engineering) curricula, merged with the subjects of remote sensing and geographic information systems. Geomatics has become open to value added applications in many ot...

The seasonal dynamics of soil fungal and bacterial communities are important for understanding the future ecosystem responses to global change due to their role in nutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition. After fourth year of increased temperature, extended drought and elevated CO2, soil samples were collected during one year to gain insight into how these treatments affected seasonal...

A factor of 2.5 increase in the global abundance of atmospheric methane (CH(4)) since 1750 contributes 0.5 Wm(-2) to total direct radiative forcing by long-lived greenhouse gases (2.77 Wm(-2) in 2009), while its role in atmospheric chemistry adds another approximately 0.2 Wm(-2) of indirect forcing. Since CH(4) has a relatively short lifetime and it is very close to a steady state, reductions i...

We examined changes in several independent intensity indices of four major tropical monsoonal circulations for the period 1950–1998. These intensity indices included observed land surface precipitation and observed ocean surface pressure in the monsoon regions as well as upperlevel divergence calculated at several standard levels from the NCAR/NCEP reanalysis. These values were averaged seasona...

17 How is drought changing as the climate changes? Several recent papers in the scientific literature have focused on this question but the answer remains unclear. Here we attempt to understand this socially and ecologically relevant topic. We discuss what the expectations for changes in drought should be, and thus the prospects for the future, and we provide some recommendations for resolving ...

Global minimum temperatures (TMIN) are increasing faster than maximum temperatures, but the ecological consequences of this are largely unexplored. Long-term data sets from the shortgrass steppe were used to identify correlations between TMIN and several vegetation variables. This ecosystem is potentially sensitive to increases in TMIN. Most notably, increased spring TMIN was correlated with de...

Climate changes caused by global warming has presented challenges to human society. Studying the Changes of climate variables in the future decades by using output data’s of Atmosphere-Ocean Global Circulation Models (AOGCM) is a way of perusing climate fluctuation in a region. In this study, the focus is on the AOGCM proceeds in simulating of variable temperature in Ahwaz and Abadan stations. ...