OBJECTIVE To investigate patients with cystic enhancing lesions on CT and to determine whether thallium-201 (201Tl) SPECT adds to further preoperative information in differential diagnosis between gliomas and abscesses. METHODS Twenty one patients with cystic ring enhancing CT findings were studied and uptake indices were compared with CT enhancement volumes, histopathology, and survival time...

PURPOSE Conventional MRI based on contrast enhancement is often not sufficient in differentiating grade II from grade III and grade III from grade IV diffuse gliomas. We assessed advanced MRI, MR spectroscopy and [(18)F]-fluoro-l-thymidine ([(18)F]-FLT) PET as tools to overcome these limitations. METHODS In this prospective study, thirty-nine patients with diffuse gliomas of grades II, III or...

Gliomas are the most frequent type of primary brain tumours. Low grade gliomas (LGGs, WHO grade II gliomas) may grow very slowly for the long periods of time, however they inevitably cause death due to the phenomenon known as the malignant transformation. This refers to the transition of LGGs to more aggressive forms of high grade gliomas (HGGs, WHO grade III and IV gliomas). In this paper we p...

Glioma is the most common form of primary brain tumor. Although surgical resection of the tumor may be achieved, recurrence is almost inevitable because of the propensity of gliomas for infiltrative growth far into functionally intact brain tissue. Gliomas are classified into four clinical grades, with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) being the most aggressive type (World Health Organization [WHO]...

Copyright © 2008 Massachusetts Medical Society. Malignant gliomas account for approximately 70% of the 22,500 new cases of malignant primary brain tumors that are diagnosed in adults in the United States each year.1-3 Although relatively uncommon, malignant gliomas are associated with disproportionately high morbidity and mortality. Despite optimal treatment, the median survival is only 12 to 1...

Whereas biallelic neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) inactivation is observed in NF1-associated gliomas, astrocyte-restricted Nf1 conditional knockout mice do not develop gliomas. These observations suggest that NF1 glioma formation requires additional cellular or genetic conditions. To determine the effect of an Nf1 heterozygous brain environment on NF1 glioma formation, we generated Nf1+/- mice lackin...

BACKGROUND Malignant (high-grade) gliomas are rapidly progressive brain tumours with very high morbidity and mortality. Until recently, treatment options for patients with malignant gliomas were limited and mainly the same for all subtypes of malignant gliomas. The treatment included surgery and radiotherapy. Chemotherapy used as an adjuvant treatment or at recurrence had a marginal role. CON...

Alterations in BRAF have been discovered in most pediatric low-grade gliomas. Because the field has moved quickly during the past few years, there is not yet widespread awareness about what B-Raf normally does, how the BRAF gene is modified in gliomas, why mutant proteins promote gliomagenesis, and what an abnormal BRAF result means for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Depending on the data...

Gliomas are the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system, around 70 % of the malignant brain tumors are gliomas. In the NCCN Guideline Ver.1 2015, the assessment before systemic treatment, treatment principles and prognosis factors of gliomas has significantly changed based on the researches up to date, we try to analyze the reason and the effect of these changes. The most impor...

We have previously reported on the amplification and overexpression of the MDM2 proto-oncogene in a subset of malignant gliomas without TP53 mutation (G. Reifenberger et al, Cancer Res., 53: 2736-2739, 1993). Here, we show that the MDM4 (MDMX) gene located on 1q32 is a further target for amplification in malignant gliomas. MDM4 codes for a Mdm2-related protein that can bind to p53 and inhibits ...